Enzymes and Other Important Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Highly selective (very specific) organic catalysts produced by living organisms

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

t/f: Enzymes bind to reactants (inhibitors) and convert them to products

A

false. reactants are SUBSTRATES

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3
Q

t/f: Enzymes are recyclable

A

true. they return to their original form and state, once the reaction is completed

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4
Q

enzymes exert their catalytic reactions by _________ the activation energy of a reaction

A

LOWERING the activation energy

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5
Q

enzymes act best between ___ and ___

A

35 C and 40 C

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6
Q

enzymes are denatured over _______ and in moisture by formaldehyde and iodine

A

65 C

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7
Q

t/f enzymes has negligible activity at 0 C

A

true

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8
Q

class of enzymes based on type of reaction catalyzed

A

OTHLIL

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9
Q

class that cleave molecules thru hydrolysis (breaking bonds in presence of water)

A

Hydrolase

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10
Q

class that catalyze REDOX reactions

A

Oxidoreductases

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11
Q

class that transfer chemical or functional groups from one substance to another

A

Transferases

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12
Q

class that split molecules or remove a group from the substrate without hydrolysis, leaving double bonds in molecular structure of the product

A

Lyase

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13
Q

enzymes under Hydrolases (PEG)

A

Peptidases, Esterases, Glycosidases

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14
Q

complete enzyme

A

Holoenzyme

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15
Q

incomplete enzyme, completed with addition of cofactors

A

Apoenzyme

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16
Q

vitamins

A

Organic

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17
Q

Carbohydrases or Amylolytic Enzymes

A

DA-IS-M
Z-E-My

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18
Q

Found in digestive tract of animals
(animal diastases)

A

Diastase and Amylase

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19
Q

Salivary diastase / ptyalin;
pancreatic diastase / amylopsin

A

Diastase and Amylase

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20
Q

converts starch to maltose

A

Maltodiastase

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21
Q

Found in yeast, intestinal juices

A

Invertase or Sucrase, Maltase

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22
Q

converts sucrose to glucose + fructose

A

Invertase or Sucrase

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23
Q

Converts monosaccharide to alcohol + CO2

A

Zymase

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24
Q

Fermenting enzyme

A

Zymase

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25
Q
  • Converts amygdalin to benzaldehyde + glucose + HCN
  • Converts salicin to saligenin + glucose
A

Emulsin (Under cyanogenic and alcoholic glycosides)

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26
Q

Maltose to glucose

A

Maltase

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27
Q

Found in mustard

A

Myrosin (under isothiocyanate glycosides)

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28
Q

Found in amygdalin

A

Emulsin (Under cyanogenic and alcoholic glycosides)

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29
Q

Converts sinalbin and sinigrin

A

Myrosin (under isothiocyanate glycosides)

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30
Q

Esterases

A

LPSU

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31
Q

Lipolytic enzyme found in pancreatic juice

A

Lipase

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32
Q

Fat to glycerin + FA

A

Lipase

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33
Q

pectin to pectic acid + methanol

A

Pectase

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34
Q

Digests dietary fat

A

Steapsin

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35
Q

Found in soybean

A

Urease

36
Q

urea to ammonia

A

Urease

37
Q

Proteolytic Enzymes

A

PeT - RPa

38
Q

acts only in acidic pH (with HCl)

A

pepsin

39
Q

protein to proteoses and peptones

A

pepsin

40
Q

Acts best at alkaline pH

A

Trypsin

41
Q

trypsin is a proenzyme trypsinogen activated by ?

A

enterokinase

42
Q

pepsin: first stage in _________
trypsin: second stage in _________

A

pepsin: first stage in STOMACH
trypsin: second stage in SMALL INTESTINE

43
Q

Coagulating enzyme in stomach of mammals

A

Rennin

44
Q

t/f rennin curdles trypsin in milk

A

false. rennin curdles CASEIN in milk

45
Q

Act in acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH

A

Papain

46
Q

vegetable pepsin

A

Papain

47
Q

Found in unripe fruit of Carica papaya

A

Papain

48
Q

1) Meat tenderizer, digestant
2) Relieves episiotomy (surgical incision of vulva)
3) Ingredient in cleansing solutions for contact lenses

A

uses of Papain

49
Q

Oxidizing Enzymes

A

PT

50
Q

Catalyzes oxidation reactions and cause DISCOLORATION IN BRUISED FRUITS

A

Peroxidase

51
Q

convert fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin clot

A

Thrombin

52
Q

Enzyme for Use: digestive aid, for preparation of predigested food

A

Pancreatin

53
Q

Use: intestinal absorption of fat, controls steatorrhea (cannot absorb fats

A

Pancrelipase

54
Q

enzyme for Use: treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs, relieves lower back pains

A

Chymopapain

55
Q

Protein digesting, milk-clotting enzyme

A

Bromelains

56
Q

More concentrated form of pancreatin

A

Pancrelipase

57
Q

Hydrolyze hyaluronic acid; spreading / diffusing factor

A

Hyaluronidase for injection

58
Q

From bacteria, snake venoms, head of leeches

A

Hyaluronidase for injection

59
Q

enzyme for Use: promotes diffusion and hastens absorption (diabetic foot ulcer)

A

Hyaluronidase for injection

60
Q

convert plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

61
Q

degrades fibrin clot

A

plasmin

62
Q

enzyme for Use: treatment of pulmonary embolism, thrombosis

A

Streptokinase

63
Q

t/f: When used, your body automatically produce antibodies. It can only be used ONCE.

A

true

64
Q

same as streptokinase; from human urine, human kidney cells

A

Urokinase

65
Q

Use: for wound debridement from Bacillus subtilis

A

Sutilains

66
Q

Use: cleaves collagen, for wound debridement, remove scars (ID) from Clostridium histolyticum

A

Collagenase

67
Q

Use: induce remissions in acute leukemia; obtained from E. coli

A

L-Asparaginase

68
Q

L-Asparaginase brand name

A

Elspar

69
Q

Antitumor effect: degrades L-asparagine
Result: death to those cells which require
amino acid

A

L-Asparaginase

70
Q

3-OH-L-tyrosine

A

Levodopa

71
Q

Use: parkinsonism (akinesia and rigidity relieved)

A

Levodopa

72
Q

AE: N&V, orthostatic hypotension, p
granulocytes

A

Levodopa

73
Q

Use: neutralizes heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

74
Q

From sperm / testes of fish from genus Oncorhynchus

A

Protamine sulfate

75
Q

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans

A

Heparin

76
Q

Use: anticoagulant (prolong clotting time)

A

Heparin

77
Q

Degradation product of penicillin-type antibiotic

A

Penicillamine

78
Q

Penicillamine use

A
  1. Metal chelating agent for Wilson’s disease (copper poisoning)
  2. RA
79
Q

Formed from the partial hydrolysis of collagen from skin, white connective tissue from bones of animals

A

Gelatin

80
Q

gelatin is lacking

A

tryptophan

81
Q

gelatin uses

A

1) Encapsulating agent
2) Ingredient in glycerinated gelatin (suppository)
3) Topical protectant (zinc gelatin)

82
Q

Catgut suture, surgical catgut, surgical gut

A

Absorbable surgical suture

83
Q

Sterile strand from collagen

A

Absorbable surgical suture

84
Q

Absorbed by living mammalian tissue

A

Absorbable surgical suture

85
Q

Resistant to action of living mammalian tissue

A

Non-absorbable surgical suture