Talking about Cranial and Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What can you tell me about the Occiput?

A

located in the posterior cranial fossa

squamus and basilar portions and condylar x 2, internal and external occipital protruberances, clevus (slope up to SBS)

articulates with: temporals, parietal, sphenoid and SBS

foramina: foramen magnum (spine, hypo-glossal canal and nerve XII), jugular foramen (jugular vein, glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus(X) and accessory (XI)
sutures: lamboid, occiput-mastoid, petro-condyle
membranous: falx cerebelli, straight sinus and confluence of sinuses

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2
Q

What can you tell me about the Frontal bone?

A

anterior of the skull and forming top of eye socket

articulates with: parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, zygoma, maxillae, nasal bones

sutures: coronal, bregma, spheno-frontal, metopic suture - forms 8 years, nasion

membranous attachments: falx cerebri

foramina: supra-orbital notch where opthalmic division of V comes through superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

What can you tell me about the Sphenoid?

A

fulcrum of the cranial system, middle cranial fossa

looks like a butterfly, greater wings, lesser wings, main body, pterygoid processes (leading to muscles) and canal, medial and lateral plates, salla turcica, pituatory gland (master gland), diaphragm sellae, optic chiasma

articulates with: every bone in cranium as well as zygomata, palatines, vomer in face

foramina: optic canal and nerve, foramen rotundum (maxillary branch V), foramen ovale (mandibular branch V to mental fossa for motor function) foramen spinosum (recurrent meningeal) and superior orbital fissure (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens for eye movement + opthalmic branch of trigeminal and opthalmic vein)

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4
Q

What can you tell me about the Parietals?

A

x 2 superior on cranium

articulates with: temporals, occiput, frontal, sphenoid

sutures: sagittal, lamboid and pterion at occiput, asterion at sphenoid, squamosal (temporals) bregma at front, lamda at back

membranous attachments: falx cerebri following sagittal sinus

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5
Q

What can you tell me about the Temporals?

A

two lateral sides of cranium, medial cranial fossa

squamus and petreous portions and petreous ridge, styloid process, mastoid portion and tip meets with zygomatic process, TMJ with mandible

articulates with: parietals, sphenoid, occiput, mandible, zygomata

external and internal auditory meatus: inner ear hearing and balance apparatus > ear drum (tympanic membrane), cochlear, eustachian tubes

Also: vestibular-cochlear nerve VIII and facial nerve VII pass through

foramina: Jugular foramen (hypoglossal, vagus and accessory and jugular vein) and formaen lacerum (carotid artery - main blood supply to skull, veins and nerve)
membranous: ridge attachment for tentorium
sutures: occiput-mastoid (asterion), squamosal, spheno-temporal (pterion) - only bevelled suture in skull others all digitated

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6
Q

What can you tell me about the Ethmoid?

A

within the frontal bone anterior cranial fossa

bridge between facial and cranial bones

christa galli at top, cribriform plate where olfactory nerve goes through, perpendicular plate, internal nasal conchae and medial nasal conchae

articulates with: lacrimals, sphenoid, frontal, palatines, vomer (all facial except maxillae and zygomatic)

membranous attachments: falx cerebri at the crista galli

also: sinuses - cavernous drains into ethmoidal

etheral component home of the third eye

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7
Q

What can you tell me about the Maxillae?

A

x 2 anterior of the skull, forming the cheeks of the face, lower rims of eye socket

frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process (teeth)

articulates with every bone in face: zygomata, frontal, nasal, lacrimals, sphenoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

foramina: infra-orbital foramen (+ inferior orbital fissure where additional maxillary branch of trigeminal V)
sutures: inter-maxillary (join above the top mouth and below nose) incisive fossa (upper back of mouth) cruxiate (palatines)
also: moves with palatines and vomer when a healthy cranial system + houses upper teeth

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8
Q

What can you tell me about the Palatines?

A

x 2 at upper back of mouth forming palate - pterygoid plates of sphenoid

articulates with: vomer, sphenoid, maxillae, ethmoid

sutures: infra-palatine maxillary branch (trigeminal V), cruxiate suture

shock absorber for blow to face

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9
Q

What can you tell me about the Vomer?

A

known as the plough

pointy bone in centre of face, forming part of the septum

Rests on superior surface on infra-palatine suture

articulates with: sphenoid, palatines, ethmoid, nasal conchae

gliding movement

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10
Q

What can you tell me about the Nasal Bones?

A

x2 located anterior of the cranium on the front of the face

articulates with: maxillae, frontal, ethmoid

sutures: nasion with frontal
membranes: cartillage

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11
Q

What can you tell me about the Zygomata?

A

x 2 with arch and process to form cheekbones and outer rim of eye socket

fossa where joins TMJ, mandibular condyle, coroid process

articulates with: temporals, frontal, sphenoid, maxillae

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12
Q

What can you tell me about the Lacrimals?

A

x 2 located below the nasion, interior medial of orbit

tear drainage

articulates with: ethmoid, maxillae, frontal

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13
Q

What can you tell me about the Inferior Nasal Conchae?

A

articulates with: ethmoid, maxillae and vomer

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14
Q

What can you tell me about the Mandible?

A

Only bone separate from cranium joined only at TMJ to temporals

TMJ (temporal mandibular joint)

houses lower teeth

ramus, condyles, coronoid process (where jaw muscles and masseter joins)

foramina: mental foramina where mandibular branch trigeminal V

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