ANS Worksheet Flashcards
What are the 2 main divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Where are collateral ganglia located?
Groups of ganglia found on surface of major blood vessels forming plexi - sympathetic
Cardiac; -heart centre -
Coeliac - solar plexus - upper abdomen
Superior Hypogastric - sacral area
Pelvic Plexus - root chakra
Where do parasympathetic nerve fibres emerge from in the CNS?
Cranium or Sacrum (S234)
Where do sympathetic nerve fibres emerge from in the CNS?
T1 to L2
What is a ganglion?
Where neurons meet to transmit messages
Where are the sympathetic ganglia located?
Paravertebral (Sympathetic chain) or Prevertebral (Collateral)
Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
Terminal ganglia - on the surface of the target organ eg bladder; stomach; lungs - the organ for which the neuron is supplying.
Where is the sympathetic chain?
Either side of the spine but only attach to the spinal cord between T1 and L2
What are neurons?
Cell body - receives information;
nerve fibre - sends information;
nerve ending - synaptic terminal - information from nerve to target organ/ gland/ muscle
Where are terminal ganglia located?
On the surface of target organs - bladder; lungs; stomach. Synapse on the organ it is targeting.
What are glial cells
Protect neurons - able to repair
What is a nerve?
Bundle of nerve fibres travelling together
What is a reflex arc?
Involuntary response to stimulus.
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)??
Brain; brainstem and spinal cord
Describe the extent of the sympathetic chain?
Either side of the spine but only attach to the spinal cord between T1 and L2. Goes up into head via Superior Cervial Sympathetic Ganglion and down to coccyx where sympathetic chain meets at the ganglion impar.
Where is the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
In the neck - C1 to C5
Where is the ganglion impar?
At the coccyx
Are collateral ganglia sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Sympathetic
What is the name for an aggregation of sympathetic ganglia?
Plexus
What is homeostasis
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions working together to balance each other, changing to the needs of every moment.
Which division of ANS prepares the body for action?
Sympathetic - brain sends message down spinal cord via sympathetic chain. Pre-ganglionic fibres release Acetyle Choline; Post-ganglionic fibres release Adrenaline.
Why/ How does stress affect the sympathetic nervous system?
Hypothalamus sends message to adrenals - adrenal medulla to release adrenaline. Overstimulation of adrenals = depletes system = lowered immunity, increase risk of infections, colds, disease.
Body does not get time to repair = poor healing
Emotionally - exhausted; anxious; fatigue.
Physiological changes in body due to adrenal release with longer terms effects of:
Increased heart rate or HBP
Poor digestion = IBS; constipation
What physical disturbances could stimulate the sympathetic nervous system?
Accident; injury; intense or prolonged labour; parasites; vertebral restrictions; intense exercise.
ANS - sympathetic and parasympathetic is how many neuron pathway?
2 neuron pathway - pre and post ganglionic
What CN do parasympathetic fibres travel with?
List functions of each.
Oculomotor CN III - supply eye and regulate
1) pupil constriction (iris muscles)
2) lens accommodation (cilary muscles)
Facial Nerve VII - from own nucleus in pons - supply glands of face and head & regulate:
1) Lacrimal glands (tears)
2) Nasal glands (mucus)
3) Submandibular (saliva) and Sublingual glands (mucus)
4) Mucosa in frontal; ethmoidal; maxillary; sphenoidal sinuses.
Glossopharangeal CN IX - supply parotid glands & regulate:
1) secretion of saliva
Vagus Nerve CN X - supply viscera of thorax and abdomen to:
1) constrict heart blood vessels
2) reduce heart rate
3) constrict bronchi
4) support digestion - peristalsis; glandular secretion;; sphincter relaxation as far as 1st half of colon.
Sacral Nerves - S2,3,4 - Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves supply and regulate:
1) 2nd half of colon (descending) - peristalsis
2) rectum
3) bladder - emptying; contraction; sphincter relaxation
4) genetalia - erection; vaso-dilation
Why does stimulation of the of the sympathetic nervous system affect the body?
Energy resources are shifted to prepare for real or perceived danger. Puts body on high alert and needs equal amount of parasympathetic time to maintain homeostasis. If stimulation is prolonged, body becomes depleted and remains in a state of hyperarousal.
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
part of the Peripheral Nervous system. VOLUNTARY - walking; talking; movement; think skeletal.
Motor and sensory neurons.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System
INVOLUNTARY - Split into parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Part of the PNS (other division being somatic).
Involuntary activities that innervate smooth muscles and glands (can stimulate or inhibit).
Mainly motor neurons (some sensory).
2 neuron system - pre-ganglionic neuron takes to ganglion to synapse and post-ganglionic neuron takes to target organ.
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Head
T1 to T2
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Heart
T4 (T1 to T5)
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Lungs and Heart
T2 to T6
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Oeseophagus
T4 to T6
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Abdominal Viscera
T6 to T10
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Liver
T6 to T10
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Pancreas
T6 to T10
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Gallbladder
T6 to T10
Name sympathetic nerve root origin of: Stomach
T6 to T10