Quiz Sinuses Flashcards
What is the direction of blood flow in the: Transverse sinus
Laterally - away from the confluence of sinuses to the sigmoid sinus
What is the direction of blood flow in the: Occipital Sinus
Superiorly - to the confluence of sinuses
What is the direction of blood flow in the: Superior Petrosal Sinus
Laterally and posteriorly to the confluence of sinuses
What is the direction of blood flow in the: Sigmoid Sinus
Inferiorly and medially (S bend)
Describe the location of the cavernous sinus
Either side of the sphenoid body
Which sinuses meet at the confluence of sinuses?
Occipital; Superior sagittal; Inferior Sagittal; Straight Sinus (and two transverse sinuses)
Describe the location of the Pyloric Sphincter internally?
The pylorus is at the right end of the stomach.
Between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum (first part of small intestine).
Describe the location of the Pyloric Sphincter externally in terms of surface location?
one inch right and two inches down from xiphisternum
Describe the location of the Ilio-caecal valve internally?
Between the ileum of the small intestine and the caecum of the large intestine.
Describe the location of the ilio-caecal valve externally in terms of surface location?
Locate McBurneys point.
Find the top of the iliac crest on the right and track one third of the way towards the umbilicus.
What considerations do you think is important for a patient for tension and spasm in the ilio-caecal valve?
Whole person assessment
Sympathetic overstimulation of the system causing the valve to tighten and close.
Sympathetic supply from T8 to T12 - coeliac plexus.
Psycho-emotional factors.
Shock held in solar plexus, cardiac plexus.
Pathway of vagus nerve - parasympathetic
Link to appendicitis
What underlying conditions would you think about in a patient who reported anal bleeding?
Haemorrhoids or anal fissure, Colon cancer, Duodenal ulcers
How would you differentiate between different conditions of anal problems?
1) Haemorrhoids - bright red blood on tissue paper or a few spots in toilet
2) Colon cancer or ulcers - darker red blood coming from higher up, tends to be mixed with the stool.
How would you approach the treatment of a patient presenting with anal bleeding?
Whole person assessment
Suggest to see doctor if not haemorrhoids
If haemorrhoids - consider if person is under pressure/ strain in their life - emotional factors
Consider other factors like diet causing constipation and straining; pregnancy
Sympathetic supply - T10 to L2
Parasympathetic supply - Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves S234
Where is the pineal gland located?
Posterior superior wall of the 3rd ventricle