Quiz Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the: Transverse sinus

A

Laterally - away from the confluence of sinuses to the sigmoid sinus

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2
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the: Occipital Sinus

A

Superiorly - to the confluence of sinuses

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3
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the: Superior Petrosal Sinus

A

Laterally and posteriorly to the confluence of sinuses

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4
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the: Sigmoid Sinus

A

Inferiorly and medially (S bend)

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5
Q

Describe the location of the cavernous sinus

A

Either side of the sphenoid body

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6
Q

Which sinuses meet at the confluence of sinuses?

A

Occipital; Superior sagittal; Inferior Sagittal; Straight Sinus (and two transverse sinuses)

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7
Q

Describe the location of the Pyloric Sphincter internally?

A

The pylorus is at the right end of the stomach.

Between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum (first part of small intestine).

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8
Q

Describe the location of the Pyloric Sphincter externally in terms of surface location?

A

one inch right and two inches down from xiphisternum

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9
Q

Describe the location of the Ilio-caecal valve internally?

A

Between the ileum of the small intestine and the caecum of the large intestine.

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10
Q

Describe the location of the ilio-caecal valve externally in terms of surface location?

A

Locate McBurneys point.

Find the top of the iliac crest on the right and track one third of the way towards the umbilicus.

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11
Q

What considerations do you think is important for a patient for tension and spasm in the ilio-caecal valve?

A

Whole person assessment

Sympathetic overstimulation of the system causing the valve to tighten and close.

Sympathetic supply from T8 to T12 - coeliac plexus.

Psycho-emotional factors.

Shock held in solar plexus, cardiac plexus.

Pathway of vagus nerve - parasympathetic

Link to appendicitis

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12
Q

What underlying conditions would you think about in a patient who reported anal bleeding?

A

Haemorrhoids or anal fissure, Colon cancer, Duodenal ulcers

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13
Q

How would you differentiate between different conditions of anal problems?

A

1) Haemorrhoids - bright red blood on tissue paper or a few spots in toilet
2) Colon cancer or ulcers - darker red blood coming from higher up, tends to be mixed with the stool.

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14
Q

How would you approach the treatment of a patient presenting with anal bleeding?

A

Whole person assessment

Suggest to see doctor if not haemorrhoids

If haemorrhoids - consider if person is under pressure/ strain in their life - emotional factors

Consider other factors like diet causing constipation and straining; pregnancy

Sympathetic supply - T10 to L2

Parasympathetic supply - Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves S234

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15
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Posterior superior wall of the 3rd ventricle

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16
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

In front of the heart and behind the sternum.

Located behind the manubrium and upper sternum, between the lungs, it’s two lobes extending into the upper part of the throat.

17
Q

How does the thymus in a young child differ from that of an adult?

A

It is much larger in a child to support growth and development, develop immunity but stops growing at puberty and turns to fat. The upper lobes extend high up into the throat.

18
Q

What is the principle function of the thymus gland?

A

To create white blood cells otherwise called T cells which fight infection