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CCST Quizzes & Worksheets 2021 > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

Pivotal point round which the system operates

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2
Q

What is a mechanical fulcrum?

A

In every joint of the body

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3
Q

Name the significant mechanical fulcrums?

A

C1 - T4 - T9 - T12/L1 - L5/S1

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4
Q

What is the fulcrum in the cranio-sacral system?

A

SBS - fulcrum round which the bony structures operate

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5
Q

What is the fulcrum in the membrane system?

A

Straight sinus - Sutherlands fulcrum - where falx c and falx c and tentorium all meet.

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6
Q

What is the fulcrum in the central nervous system?

A

Lamina terminalis - forms anterior wall of 3rd ventricle

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7
Q

Why is it important to have a calm, quiet presence and a therapist?

A

Can get in touch with natural forces - principle element of CS integration
Can get in touch with external forces in individual and universal matrix
Quality of presence will influence patient system and response
Contributes to entrainment of 2 systems

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8
Q

Name 4 principles of integrated treatment?

A

Engagement (tuning in) - vitality; QSM; level of attention - level of contact; level of tissues
Opening up system (settling and grounding) - Emotional centres x4 reflected in QSM - deeper levels; release superficial patterns
Core Treatment
Completion

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9
Q

Why is sub-occipital release important?

A

Focal point for restrictions
Emotional centre
Causes health issues
Crucial structures are located and pass through
Area prone to injury, tension, compression, trauma
Connects brain to body and back
Blood supply to brain

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10
Q

Name the structures that pass through the sub-occipital area?

A

STRUCTURES:
Vertebral arteries x2 - arterial blood to brain - SBEND between occiput and atlas - goes through foramen magnum
Carotid arteries x 2 via carotid canal
Internal jugular veins x 2 - venous blood drainage from sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein via jugular foramen back to heart. Restricted = cranium congestion; stagnation of fluids and bloods and CSF
Vagus Neve - regulates parasympathetic supply to thoracic and abdominal viscera and passes through FJ.
Spinal Accessory Nerves - pass through JF
Glosso-pharangeal nerves - pass through JF
Carotid Nerves - sympathetic supply to head via T1; SCSG; carotid canal to cranium - compression anywhere will affect structures in head and eyes.
The trapezius attaches to the external occipital protuberance.

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11
Q

What are the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia?

A

Located each side of vertebral bodies/spine and are crucial points of synapse for sympathetic nerve supply to cranium affecting 1) pupil dilation and 2) regulating blood vessel constriction in cranium

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12
Q

Where is the nuclei of the vagus?

A

Located in and around the jugular foramen.

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13
Q

What is the role of the suboccipital muscles?

A

To maintain balance in this area. RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MINOR muscles attach to dural membrane so tension in dura = CSF and reciprocal tension = head and neck pain.

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14
Q

What causes tension in sub-occiput area?

A

Birth process; head and neck injuries; whiplash; C1 is mechanical pivotal area; structural imbalances - ONE OF MAIN PRIORITIES OF BODY IS TO KEEP EYES LEVEL - sub-occiput will adapt posture to ensure this.
Postural imbalances - head stooping forward = tension
Emotional tension - head shrinks into neck - turtle like

IN BABIES =
sympathetic = poor sleep; hyper
parasympathetic = compression of vagus nerve = colic

ADULTS =
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency - at subocciput causing poor memory; concentration; vagueness. Postural collapse - fainting; dizziness in older adults.

TREATMENT = SUB-OCCIPITAL RELEASE

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15
Q

What would you do if sub-occiput is reluctant to release?

A

Emotional centres - HC and SP
OCCIPUT and SBS and LS-JOINT = TRIAD OF COMPRESSION
Contacts for the above; neck unwinding; birth trauma
CS integration.
Cranial Base and Crown contact - Sit at side - 1 hand under cervical area and occiput
Great for complex restrictions in occiput and all surrounding structures. Whiplash. Where sub-occiput is not responding. Containment for strong contractions in membranes.

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16
Q

Solar Plexus - what is the thoracic diaphragm?

A

Primary muscle of respiration, double domed sheet attaching to L1 to L3

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17
Q

How many openings are there in the thoracic diaphragm?

A

3 - Vena Cava - T8 - right phrenic nerve
Oesophagus - T10 - R and L vagus
Aortic Hiatus - (Aorta and Thoracic Duct) - T12

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve C345 from SPINAL cervical plexus

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19
Q

What is the phrenic nerve also responsible for?

A

Somatic innervation of pericardium

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20
Q

What do you associate L3 with?

A

Apex of lower triangle. Level with iliac crests.
L3 affected by disturbances to SI joint; hips; knees; ankles and disturbances to hips; knees; ankles can affect L3.

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21
Q

What is the thoracic inlet and where is it?

A

Upper thoracic region
Rib cage closes in to form narrow inlet though which many structures pass from head - oesophagus; trachea; jugular veins; vagus nerve, phrenic nerve which ENTER the upper thorax. It is the OUTLET for carotid arteries; sympathetic nerve supply exiting the thorax and passing into the head via T1.

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22
Q

Why would you use a rhomboid release?

A

Engage with pericardium and heart, pleura and lungs.
Engage with brachial plexus and arm; trapezius and levator scapulae to head and neck, latissimus dorsi, rotator cuff, shoulder girdle.
Great for tendonitis; frozen shoulder, brachial plexus disorders. Spinal nerves C7 to T5 - Brachial Plexus.

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23
Q

Why use a cranial base and crown contact?

A

Sit at side - 1 hand under cervical area and occiput
Great for complex restrictions in occiput and all surrounding structures. Whiplash. Where sub-occiput is not responding. Containment for strong contractions in membranes.

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24
Q

Why would you use a scapula contact?

A

Engage with whole thorax, trunk, back, spine, shoulders, neck, heart, sympathetic chain - feel whole body patterns. Great for babies. Great for reintegration,

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25
Q

How do you diagnose in treatments?

A

Unconscious - responding to patterns
Conscious - QSM, focal points, vitality, assessing patterns and emotional state.
Specific - connecting restrictions and interpreting CS patterns.
Comprehensive - overall picture and treatment plan

26
Q

Name 3 areas where you would find fascia?

A

Pleura round lungs
Pericardium round heart
Epineurium round nerves emerging from CNS

27
Q

Whats the function of fascia?

A

Absorbs and maintains tensions and traumas
Free gliding movement between tissues - muscle over bone
Holds restrictions into local tissues
Transmits patterns of tensions via interconnected fascial sheath

28
Q

How is fascia innervated?

A

Nerve connections to the CNS via the ANS and sympathetic nerve supply.

29
Q

What is fascial unwinding good for?

A

Major accidents; falls; major trauma where there is complex facial entanglement; whiplash; whole body unwinding; accessing deeper core of being - mentally and physically; accessing emotion held in fascia; chronic emotional patterns; operation scars; birth patterns; sprains; tennis elbow; RSI.

30
Q

What are the effects of fascia tension?

A

back pain; headaches; visceral disturbances; reduced circulation; general tension; stress.

31
Q

How do you evaluate fascia at the feet?

A

Engage; QSM.
Motion - external or internal rotation, dorsiflexion (toes up) or plantarflexion (toes down) and inversion or eversion.
CS Motion - flexion = external rotation
- expansion = internal rotation
Project up through body and listen for changes in fascia in QSM.
Use the listening posts - feet - shins - thighs - iliac crests - lower thorax - upper thorax - to build picture of whole person.

32
Q

Why would you use fascial unwinding of the trunk?

A

Identified fulcrum via listening posts or integrated treatment
Organ
Area of emotional tension
Vertebral segment
Scar tissue
Muscular tension eg rhomboids
Old fractures
Combination of above eg heart and T4 or SP and T6 to T10

33
Q

Why would you fascial unwind the arm?

A

tennis elbow; sprained wrist; old fracture of arm/ffingers; carpel tunnel; RSI; numbness or pain; frozen shoulder; tendonitis; emotional tensions; trauma through fall shunts forces up limb. Great for neck pain.

34
Q

What is the widest muscle in the back?

A

Latissimus dorsi - attaches to upper arm, lower thoracic and lumbar spine, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, scapula. So tension in these areas will impact on sciatica.

35
Q

Why would you unwind the arm?

A

Any factor to do with the brachial spinal nerve plexus - C5 to T1. Problems in neck can cause problems in arm.

36
Q

Why would you unwind the leg?

A

Postural interaction between legs and body - imbalance = head ache; neck pain; visceral dysfunction. NOT FOR recent fractures; rheumatoid arthritis.
If have knee injury has ramifications for whole body and L3.

37
Q

Ankle unwinding - explain?

A

Articulate; dorsi or plantarflexion; inversion or eversion; internal or external rotation.

38
Q

What is the process of fascial unwinding?

A

Articulation - break - own fulcrums - be still/wait - process of unwinding - move fluently - focal points - stillness - stay with stillness - points of balanced tension - release - traction - maintain focus of balanced tension - conclusion back to start - completion.

39
Q

Why would you unwind the neck?

A

Injuries - whiplash
Torticollis - adult (acute spasm) or infantile - OMS - jugular foramen - spinal accessory nerve - SCM muscles - whole body patterns from birth trauma.
Elderly - vertebra-vascular insufficiency
Migraines and chronic tension
All factors of sub-occipital release will relates here
C345 - phrenic nerve - supplies diaphragm - so can relieve tension in diaphragm
C5678T1 - nerve supply to brachial plexus
C2 - SCM
C3 and C4 - trapezius
Neck extends down to T4
Common trauma site

40
Q

Why would you use an energy drive?

A

Focus or target CS potency or energy
Enhance or release restrictions or sutures, tension in soft tissue, tight SP, ears, liver; cranial suture; locked vertebral segment; joint restriction; ear congestion; orbit; scar tissue; pituitary gland.
At cranium & sacrum to harness potency up or down feet.
AKA? - directing tide; V spread; Channelling CSF
Process - identify focal point; contact at target point; establish drive point; contact at drive point; initiate energy beam or drive; feel pulsation; direct energy towards target; resolution; reassess.

41
Q

Why would you use an energy drive to OCM suture?

A

Restriction in suture

42
Q

Why would you use an energy drive to vertebral column?

A

Restricted mobility; vertebral segment; postural tension strain/

43
Q

Why is core treatment important?

A

Refers to core of the system - membrane envelope CNS, bones attach to membrane - cranium, sacrum and coccyx; CSF is within membrane system.

44
Q

What is the principle pathway for flow of vitality?

A

Spine - healthy, balanced, freely mobile and well integrated spine is essential to health.

45
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral and Medial Pterygoids

46
Q

What is the nerve root origin of the Temporalis
Masseter, Lateral and Medial Pterygoids muscles (muscles of mastication)?

A

Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular division

47
Q

Where is the origin and insertion and action of the temporalis muscle?

A

Origin - Temporal fossa of temporal bone
Insertion - Tip of coronoid process
Action - Elevates and retracts mandible at TMJ
Bony attachments - temporal; parietal; frontal; sphenoid

48
Q

Where is the origin and insertion and action of the masseter muscle?

A

Origin - Zygomatic arch
Insertion - Angle of ramus and mandible
Action - Elevates, retracts & protrudes mandible to close jaw.
Bony attachments - zygoma and temporal

49
Q

Where is the origin and insertion and action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Origin - superior head = g wing of sphenoid; Inferior head = lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Insertion - Condyle of mandible and TMJ
Action - protrude or protract mandible; depress mandible and side to side.
Bony attachments - lateral pterygoid of sphenoid

50
Q

Where is the origin and insertion and action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Origin - large head = surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid; small head = maxilla & palatine bone
Insertion - ramus and angle of mandible
Action - elevates mandible, protracts or protrudes and moves mandible side to side.
Bony attachment - Lateral pterygoid of sphenoid and palatine and maxilla

51
Q

What contact addresses tensions in the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular contact =

1) Tension in muscles of m will be accompanied by tension in sub-occiput - compressing structures through FJ
2) Tension in teeth clenching/grinding - often emotional - reflect childhood factors
3) Tension in muscles of m can lead to restricted drainage of Eustachian tube and middle ear.

52
Q

What the causes for lumps in the throat?

A

Hyoid bone - if unevenly balanced
Lymph glands - if there is infection or glandular fever
Bee sting - swelling of throat
Allergic reaction - swelling of throat
Goitre - enlargement of thyroid gland in hypo or hyper thyroidism
Obstruction such as fish bone
Tumours
Globus Hysterias - sensation of having a lump in the throat but nothing there. Check out psycho-emotional factors.

53
Q

Where does the tentorium connect to in the temporal bone?

A

Petrous ridge.

54
Q

Why is the ear hold significant? Name some benefits of using the ear hold?

A

1) decompressive qualities - following on from mastoid tip releasing compressive forces within the occipito-mastoid suture.
2) open up into wider expansion to ease out of wedged position between sphenoid and occiput - release of occipito-mastoid sutures and spheno-temporal sutures will help temporals to move freely.
3) Tentorium attaches along petrous ridges so it will stretch across the back of the cranium from one petrous ridge to the other.
4) As tentorium loosens, the straight sinus which runs along the midline of the tentorium (where 2 halves of tentorium meet) will stretch and open, allowing greater flow of venous blood.
5) Stretching of tentorium will open transverse sinuses running along lateral borders of the tentorium.

55
Q

What are the temporals closely associated with?

A

Emotional state of the person - current and personality
Closely associated with the tentorium - transverse diaphragm - closely related to the thoracic diaphragm.

56
Q

What would you think about if asked to do a parietal contact?

A

Membranous relations - with falx cerebri
Superior sagittal sinus
Small attachment of tentorium
Sagittal suture
Squamosal suture - where meet temporals - bevelled - so if there are restrictions in cranium they can hold the parietals clamped between temporals.

57
Q

What do you connect with at the heart centre?

A

heart and lungs
cardiac and pulmonary plexi
heart chakra
sympathetic nerve supply - T2 to T6
thoracic inlet and structures
Fascia - pericardium
feeling emotional holding, tension in tissues organs
Feel space between hands, quality of that space - name it
Symmetry - tightness one side or the other, increased activity, restriction or stillness, body tissues pulling in a direction - heart, lungs, clavicle, diaphragm, or lack of
Motion - vibration, pulsating, twisting, turning, closed, fluttering - what does it tell you

58
Q

What do you connect with at the solar plexus?

A

solar plexus; coeliac ganglia; superior mesenteric plexus, lower thoracic spine; T6 to T10; diaphragm; viscera - stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenals, fascia.
Feel space between hands - quality and fluidity of space, tension, soft, open, still - stuck or still ease. Diaphragm tight or loose, breathing. drawn to viscera, to muscle, to fascia.

59
Q

What is the role of the carotid nerve?

A

The sympathetic nerve supply to the head which arises from T1/ T2, synapsing at SCSG on each side of sub-occipital region, continues as carotid nerves, entering cranium through carotid canal on each side with carotid arteries. Compression anywhere will effect eyes, meninges and blood vessels in cranium.

60
Q

SCSG - where?

A

Either side of vertebral bodies upper cervical vertebrae - crucial points of synapse for sympathetic nerve supply - vital functions of pupil dilation and blood vessel constriction in cranium. Can be over stimulated to injury, tension

61
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

A

Either side of the sphenoid body.

62
Q

What is significant about the cavernous sinus?

A

1) The cavernous sinus is roofed by an inner layer of dura mater that continues with the diaphragma sellae that covers the superior part of the pituitary gland.
2) It also attaches to the anterior clinoid process and, posteriorly to the tentorium (at its attachment to the posterior clinoid process).
3) The cavernous sinus contains the internal carotid artery and Cranial nerves:
- Oculomotor
- Trochlear -
- Abducens nerve
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V) - ophthalmic and maxillary divisions.

CCST Quizzes & Worksheets 2021 (21 decks)

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