Cranial Nerves Worksheet Flashcards
How does the numbering of the cranial nerves differ from that of the spinal nerves?
roman numerals I - XII
List the cranial nerves with their numbers and names
I Olfactory, II Optic, III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, VI Abducens, VII Facial, VIII Vestibulo-cochlear, IX Glossopharyngeal, X Vagus, XI Accessory, XII Hyperglossal.
Write a mnemonic for remembering the cranial nerves - own or other
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Fin And German Veined Some Hops
Are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS
PNS - but I, II, V more accurately CNS come directly from the brain
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetics fibres?
Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus = CN III, VII, IX, X
Which cranial Nerves emerge from:
a) Medulla
b) Pons
c) Midbrain
d) Forebrain
a) CN IX, CN X, CN Xi, CN XII - all have “X’s”
b) CN V trigeminal + 3a - Pons to medullary junction = CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII
c) CN III oculo-motor, CN IV Trochlear
d) CN I + II
which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foremen?
CN IX glosso-pharyngeal, CN X Vagus, CN XI Accessory
a) Which cranial Nerve is involved in Menieres disease
b) What are the 3 diagnostic symptoms of Menieres Disease?
a) CN VIII Vestibular-cochlear - balance, vertigo from inner ear disorders.
b) sensory, neural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, sense of fullness in the ear - etiology - seems to involve oedema in the labyrinth
a) If a patient were to present with one side of face drooping, difficulty controlling muscles on that side, crooked smile, saliva dribbling from one side of mouth what condition would you suspect and which CN might be involved?
b) What other more severe conditions might bring on similar symptom?
a) Bell’s Palsy + Facial Nerve CN VII
b) Viral infection, bacterial infection, herpes simplex, HIV, compound immune systems diseases, stroke, surgery - also CN VII / motor branch - pathway through the parotid gland that may be compressed - this can lead to Bell’s palsy. Extreme case of mumps / parotitus.
a) which cranial nerve is primary involved in salivary secretion
b) which other cranial nerve contributes a lesser secretion of saliva
a) CN IX - glossopharyngeal
b) minor glands, CN VII Facial, sublingual, sub mandibular
Why might a blow to the head contribute to visual disturbances?
From eyes, cross over at the optic chasma, terminates in visual cortex.in located in the back of the head, occiput area
Describe the pathway and type of nerve supply involves in pupil dilations
Oculomotor travels from midbrain via Superior Orbital Fissure to the orbit
Sympathetic travels up the neck, synapses at scg and carries on via carotid plexus as ciliary nerve to dilate the pupil
Describe the pathway and type of nerve supply involved in pupil constriction?
Oculomotor CN III - is responsible for the efferent limb of the pupillary reflex - it drives the iris muscles that constrict the pupil. Muscles of the iris - intrinsic
Why s the Optic Nerve CN II not actually a cranial nerve anatomically?
Technically part of the CNS, rather than PNS - it is desired from, branching out of the diencephalon - optic stalks - during embryonic development.
why might mumps lead to a unilateral facial paralysis?
It is an infection from virus/viral infection. Inflammation of CN VII due to mumps parotitus causes swelling of the salivary glands / parotic glands and restriction to CN VII
In the absence of mumps, where might be the most likely cause of cranial nerve damage leading to facial paralysis?
CN VII Facial - any constriction, by inflammation or trauma that causes a disturbance
What are the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia?
chronic pain, sudden jolt of pain, severe pain
What do you consider to be the most likely causative factors of trigeminal neuralgia?
Irritation or constriction of the nerve pathway, misalignment of the upper skeletal area. Tooth ache, infection. Contact between artery, vein and nerve - pressure
What cranial nerve/s may be involved in asthma?
Lungs are innervated by CN X - Vagus - Parasympathetic supply from the Vagus
Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with sensation from the face?
Sensation: trigeminal CN V + motor functions, biting and chewing
Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with motor function in the face?
CN VII - Facial Nerve
Which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
1] Glossopharyngeal CN IX, [2] Hypoglossal CN XII - elevates the larynx and pharynx, [3] Vagus CN X
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
Vagus CN X - supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
how long is the recurrent laryngeal nerve in a giraffe and why?
2,4 m / 15 feet. It takes an extreme detour for the long neck
Which cranial nerve plays a significant part in drainage of CSF?
CN II Olfactory
Which cranial nerves might be involved in squint?
Oculo-motor CN III, Trochlear CN IV, Abducent CN VI,
if one eye were persistently directed out laterally, what might be likely factors contributing to this?
lateral rectus, CN VI - directs the gaze laterally - opposite pull - disturbance to innervation of the lateral muscle - the disturbance will be to the CN III
if one eye were persistently directed out medially, what might be likely factors contributing to this?
Medial rectus, CN III - directs the gaze medially - opposite pull - disturbance to the medial rectus muscle - the disturbance will be to the CN VI
If a patient presented with gradually deteriorating tunnel vision, what factors might you consider to be relevant?
Loss or decreasing of peripheral vision, obstruction to the Optic Nerve CN II, disease, glaucoma, hereditary - Retinitis pigmentosa
what is the most common cause of blindness in the world?
Cataract - 15% OVER 50 years of age, also diabetes
What systemic conditions might affect eyesight?
Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Hypertension, Meningitis, Thyroidism
Which nerves or other structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, Trigeminal CN V Trigeminal, VI Abducens, Ophthalmic branch of the CN V