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Parasitology > Taeniids- cats and dogs > Flashcards

Taeniids- cats and dogs Flashcards

1
Q

Family Taeniidae

A

**tapeworms

  1. Taenia spp= dogs and cats
  2. Echinococcus spp= dogs
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2
Q

Taeniid and Echinococcus type eggs

A

-thick radially striated shell
-hooks on hexacanth larva
-very environmentally resistant (need high heat, or very cold eg. -80)

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3
Q

Where do you find Taeniiae spp?

A

-Small intestine

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4
Q

Adult taenia spp

A

“ribbon like”
-Scolex head; no mouth
-immature segments, mature segments, gravid segments
-single genital pore

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5
Q

Taeniiae spp DH

A

dogs and cats

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6
Q

Scolex of Taenia spp

A

-rostellum with hooks

-4 suckers

**adult tapeworms can be ID’d based on hook morphology and morphometrics. But difficult and usually use genetics

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7
Q

Mature segments of Taenia

A

-Ovary w/ oocyte
-Testes
-genital pore
-vitelline gland
-uterus

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8
Q

Gravid segments of Taenia spp

A

“full appearance”
-branched uterus
-single lateral genital pore

**can produce ~2.5 million eggs/day

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9
Q

Taenia spp lifecycle

A

**indirect life cycle

PPP:6-9weeks
1.Adults in GI tract, eggs released in feces
PP: 2-3mths in IH = time in environment
2. Gravid segments and eggs w/ hexacanth larvae
3. Eaten by IM
4. Develop into metacestode with protoscolex/ices in IM
5. DH eats the IH

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10
Q

Taenia spp in Canada

A

T. pisiformis- cysticercus metacestode, IH- liver and peritoneum of rabbits and rodents

T. taeniaeformis- strobilocercus metacestode, IH- liver of Rodents

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11
Q

Cysticercus

A

single protoscolex, fluid filled cyst

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12
Q

Coenurus

A

many protoscolices attached to wall of a fluid filled cyst

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13
Q

Strobilocercus

A

miniature adult, no cyst

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14
Q

Cyclophyllid cestode larval stage

A

Egg can become one of:
-cysticercoid
-cysticercus
-coenurus
-cystic hydatid
-alveolar hydatid

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15
Q

Hydatid

A

-many protoscolices

Cystic: single fluid filled cyst
Alveolar: multichambered fluid filled cyst

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16
Q

Diagnosis of Taenia spp in dog or cat

A

-fecal flotation for eggs (not sensitive or specific)
>better to used high specific gravity solution
-coproantigen or coproPCR
-segments or adult cestodes in feces or on necropsy

**do not use perianal tape mount because zoonotic implications

17
Q

Control of Taenia in DH

A

Goal: halt environmental contamination.
-risk for any free roaming pet with access to IH, raw meat
-can treat with cestocides
-clean areas
-important to deworm on sheep farms once a yr

**IM: no treatment, often found in meat inspection

18
Q

Epidemiology of Taeniidae

A

-prevalent in dogs and cats in western canada; global distribution
-prevalence less affected by age of host
-species-specific host assemblages
-predator-prey indirect life cycles
-eggs immediately infective and very resistant

19
Q

Echinococcus granulosus/ E. canadensis hosts

A

DH: wolves, coyotes, dogs
IH: moose, elk, caribou, deer, people

20
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis hosts

A

DH: fox, coyotes, wolves, dogs, sometimes cats
IH: rodents, sometimes dogs and people

mm in size

21
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adults

A

-scolex
-gravid segment
-genital pore (caudal half of mature segment in granulosis, cranial half in multilocularis)
-1.5cm

22
Q

Lifecycle of Echinococcus canadensis

A

PPP: 6 weeks
1.Adults in wolf, coyotes, dog DH
PP:development for 6-12 months in IH
2. Infective eggs released into environment (where humans can ingest causing cystic CE=hydatid cyst in lungs)
3. Ingested by Cervid IH (where they become cystic CE= hydatid cyst of lungs)
4. Cervids preyed upon by DH leading to infection

23
Q

Cystic hydatid

A

many protoscolices free in fluid filled cyst

24
Q

Alveolar hydatid

A

many protoscolices free in multichambered fluid-filled cysts

25
Q

Diagnosis of Echinococcus spp in DH

A

-usually subclinical
-fecal flotation for eggs (low sensitivity)
-CoproPCR- high sensitivity and can be used to ID taenia and echinococcus spp
-adult cestodes in feces or on necropsy

26
Q

Epidemiology of E. canadensis

A

-Echinococcus spp found all across Canada, but only E. canadensis
-rare (4/1000 dogs)
-prevalence increases with age
-predator prey indirect life cycles
-eggs immediately infective and very resistant

27
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis adults

A

-2-5mm
-genital pore in cranial half of mature or gravid segments

28
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis distribution

A

-Endemic in western Canada (maybe not Van isle)
-Present in southern Ontario

**mostly in coyotes (30-70%), foxes (30%), wolves (13%)

29
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis lifecycles

A

PPP: 35 days
1.DH: fox, coyote, wolf, dog, sometimes cat. Eggs released in feces
PP: 2-4months in IH
2. IH (voles, lemmings, deer mice,dogs) ingests infective eggs OR humans
**results in alveolar echinococcosis in liver
3. DH ingests IH

30
Q

Alveolar hydatid

A

many protoscolices free in multichambered fluid filled cysts

31
Q

Diagnosis of Alveolar echinococcosis

A

-common in AB, SK, ON, BC, MB

-medical imaging
-laparotomy
-necropsy

32
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs

A

Dogs can be both DH and IH
-can have adult worms AND alveolar echinococcosis

33
Q

Diagnosis of canine alveolar echinoccosis

A

-medical imaging, Ultrasound (liver mass in young dogs)
-serology, histopathology
>difficult because protoscolices are not always present
-immunohistochemistry, PCR
>abdominocentesis fluid, aspirated cyst contents, biopsy, surgical resection
-histology (find protoscolices)

34
Q

Management of canine alveolar echinococcus

A

-collect fecal sample for flotation and coproPCR
-treat with adult cestocide or larval cestocide
-surgical debulking/resection if clinically indicated
-advise owner to consult health care provider
-poor prognosis indicators (late detection, significant abdominal effusion, metastases

35
Q

Control of echinococcus in Dog DH

A

-Halt environmental contamination with immediately infective, highly resistant eggs
>resistant to chemicals, killed by heat, drying, freezing below -80

-prevent access to IH (freeze or cook)

**high risk dogs

36
Q

What do you treat echinococcus?

A

Praziquantel (high efficacy against adults)

*treat every 4-6 weeks, year round

Parasitology (12 decks)

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