Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > GI Nematodes > Flashcards

GI Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Hookworms

A

-Order strongylida

Focus on:
Ancylostoma caninum (dogs/zoonotic)
Ancylostoma tubaeforme (cats/possibly zoonotic)
Uncinaria stenocephala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What location of GI tract do hookworms target?

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala characteristics

A

**northern hookworm

Adult: 2 cutting plates

Egg: strongyle type egg, slightly larger than eggs of Ancylostoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala life cycle

A
  1. Adult release eggs in feces

PP: 4-8 days in environment (temp below 7.5 degrees)
2. Eggs with morula -> first stage ->second stage larvae -> ensheathed 3rd stage larvae

PPP:2-3 weeks
3. Enters dog by ingestion, paratenic host by mucosal route OR semi-tracheal (skin, vasculature, heart, lungs, coughing leading to GI)
4.Released in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What will you see when a dog has Unicinaria stenocephala?

A

-dermatitis-red skin, dryness/cracked paw pads of feet, protein losing enteropathy, mucous diarrhea

DDx: allergy, mange, other nematode=Ancylostoma pelodera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidemiology of Unicinaria stenocephala

A

-not known to be zoonotic
-eggs/larvae not environmentally resistant
-rarely causes pathology or clinical illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis of Unicinaria stenocephala

A

-fecal flotation
-coproantigen, larvae on skin scraping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ancylostoma caninum characteristics

A

Adults: small (couple cm long), 3 pairs of teeth in buccal capsule

Egg: thin smooth shell, 52-79, morula inside, strongyle like egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ancylostoma caninum lifecycle in young dogs primarily through ingestion of milk

A

PP:5-8 days in environment (temp more than 15 degrees)
1.Eggs with morula ->1st stage larvae ->second stage larvae -> ensheathed third stage larvae)
2. Ingested (often in milk)

PPP: 2-3 weeks
3.Mucosal route
4.Adults in GI
5. Eggs released in feces into environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ancylostoma caninum lifecycle- Percutaneous route

A

PP:5-8 days, temp greater than 15 degrees
1. Eggs with morula -> 1st stage larvae -> 2nd stage larvae -> ensheathed 3rd stage larvae

PPP:2-3 weeks
2. Enters through semi-tracheal migration
3. Adults which release eggs in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ancylostoma caninum somatic route

A

PP:5-8 days in environment; temps greater than 15 degrees
1. Eggs with morula -> 1st stage larvae -> 2nd stage larvae -> ensheathed 3rd stage larvae
2. Enters host by: paratenic host, ingestion, or percutaneous route.

PPP: 2-3 weeks
3. If enters through ingestion then either mucosal or somatic migration occurs. If enters through percutaneous, then somatic migration occurs
4. Somatic leads to larvae in tissues which can enter into milk infecting young OR somatic can undergo larval leak where larvae enter mucosal migration and become adults. Also after ingestion, they can skip somatic and go directly to mucosal migration
5. Adults and release of eggs into the feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Larval leak

A

where larvae in the somatic migration route can move to mucosal migration route
**allows for a single infection to result in affects on multiple litters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical syndromes of Ancylostoma caninum

A
  1. Per-acute
  2. Acute
  3. Chronic compensated
  4. Secondary decompensated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ancylostoma caninum peracute

A

nursing pups in 2nd week of life
-leads to anemia in PPP, melena, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ancylostoma caninum acute

A

older pups exposed to high infective doses
-leads to severe anemia in PPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ancylostoma caninum Chronic compensated

A

Adult dogs in endemic areas
-no to few clinical signs

17
Q

Ancylostoma caninum secondary decompensated

A

adult dogs with concomitant health/immunity problems
-leads to anemia

18
Q

Pathogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum

A

-Skin= summer eczema in the interdigital spaces, limbs, ventrum

-resp signs from migrating larvae

-blood feeding during PPP stage
*Normocytic, normochromic anemia
*hypochromic, microcytic

-in people, larval migrans and eosinophilic enterocolitis

19
Q

Diagnosis of Ancylostoma caninum

A

-based on history and clinical signs (anemia)
-coproantigen
-fecal flotation
-adult nematode ID

20
Q

Control of Ancylostoma caninum

A

-deworm pups and kittens start at 2 weeks
-supportive therapy
-spay females
-clean environment
-may need to retreat due to larval leak

21
Q

Ancylostoma caninum treatment resistance

A

Can remain dormant within the tissues, surviving for years
-not killed by dewormers
-can resume development (pregnancy or larval leak)

22
Q

Epidemiology of Ancylostoma caninum

A

-most common in south USA
-canid definitive host
-high in young
-people are aberrant edfinitive hosts
-eggs not environmentally resistant
-thrive in warm, humid, unsanitary kennels

23
Q

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

A

-Found in cats but rare in Canada
-Adult: 3 teeth
-life cycle similar to uncinaria (no somatic or transmammary transmission)
-can be asymptomatic
-can cause anemia, diarrhea, weight loss
-potentially zoonotic

24
Q

Threadworms

A

Order Rhabditida
Family Strongyloididae

Ex. Strongyloides stercoralis

25
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis characteristics

A

Adult: only females parasitic; pharyngo-intestinal junction takes up half of their body,

First stage larvae: Rhabditiform pharynx, rest of body is intestine, with very pointed tail

26
Q

Parts of Strongyloides stercoralis lifecycle

A
  1. Free living cycle (heterogenic)
    *warm and wet environments
  2. Parasitic cycle (homogenic)
27
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis lifecycle

A

PP 1-3 days
1. First larvae (Rhabditiform) -> L2 -> L3 (filariform)
**L3 can become free living adults and produce L1
2. Ingested and undergo hepato-tracheal routeOR through skin resulting in semi-tracheal route
PPP: 7-14 days
3. Becomes adult in GI
4. Parthenogenesis- larvae released into environment

28
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis pathogenesis

A

-diarrhea
-resp signs
-cutaneous larval migans in people
-chronic bouts of abdominal pain and diarrhea especially in immunosuppressed dogs/people (autoinfection)
-eosinophilic enterocolitis

29
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis diagnosis

A

-larvae detected in Baermann in fresh feces

-dsitinguish free living larvae or hatched hookworm larvae in older feces

30
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis control

A

-extra label macrocyclic lactones
-environmental hygiene

31
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis epidemiology

A
  • worldwide distribution, warm and humid, not endemic in Canada
    -0.6% in canada
    -people and dogs are DH
    -Free living and parasitic cycle
    -some transmammary transmission
    -internal and external autoinfection in immunocompromised hosts
32
Q

Whipworm

A

-Family Trichuridae

Examples:
Trichuris vulpis (dogs)
Trichuris serrata (cat)

33
Q

Trichuris vulpis characteristics

A

Adult: skinny worms, skinny end is head
Eggs: football shaped with polar plugs

34
Q

Trichuris vulpis residence

A

live in nasal passages and airways

35
Q

Trichuris vulpis lifecycle

A

PPP: 2-3 mths
1.Mucosal migration
2. Adults
3. Release eggs in feces
PP: 1 week to months (nee humidity); survive months to years
4. Eggs -> Eggs with L1
5. Ingested

36
Q

Trichuris vulpis diagnosis

A

-fecal flotation (higher specific gravity than 1.3)
-coproantigen, coproPCR
-Adult ID

37
Q

Trichuris vulpis pathogenesis

A

-adults suck blood
-Results in chronic colitis (bloody mucoid diarrhea)

38
Q

Trichuris vulpis control

A

-Benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones
>may need repeated treatment
-environmental hygiene

39
Q

Trichuris vulpis epidemiology

A

-low incidence in Western Canada; but worldwide distribution
-Canid DH
-not considered a zoonoses
-direct, simple life cycle
-long PPP
-Eggs are environmentally resistant

Parasitology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions