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Parasitology > Mites dogs and cats > Flashcards

Mites dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Class Arachnida

A

-8 legged adults

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2
Q

Subclass Acari

A

Mites and ticks

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3
Q

Burrowing mites

A

-Sarcoptes sp
-Notoedres sp
-Demodex sp

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4
Q

Surface mites

A

-Eutrombicula sp
-Cheyletiella sp
-Otodectes sp

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5
Q

Ticks

A

-Family Ixodes (Hard)

-Family Argasidae (soft)

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6
Q

Life cycle of mites

A
  1. Adults (8legs)
  2. Eggs on host
  3. Larvae (6 legs)
  4. Nymphs (8 legs)

**takes at least 10-21 days

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of mite acariasis

A

-range from no effects to severe dermatitis (mange)
-hypersensitivity
-excoriation and secondary bacterial infection

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8
Q

Burrowing mite characteristics

A

-dorso-ventrally flattened
-shot legs

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9
Q

Sarcoptes sp

A

-canine scabies mite
>burrow in and lay eggs
-highly contagious with other dogs and wild canids
-transient zoonotic but self resolving in humans

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10
Q

Sarcoptes adults

A

-short legs
-long unjointed pedicels

*survive in cool, humid environmnets for up to 3 weeks

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11
Q

Sarcoptic mange

A

-Hairless areas (ears, elbows, ventrum, tarsal)
-Intense pruritus
-Erythema
-Crusts
-Hyperkeratosis
+/- mites

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12
Q

Notoedres sp

A

-feline scabies mite
-highly contagious among cats
-transient zoonoses

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13
Q

Notoedres cati characteristics

A

-short legs, long unjoined pedicels
-smaller than sarcoptes

**Adults do not survive in environment

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14
Q

Feline scabies

A

-Mostly ears, then face, eyelids, sometimes feet and perineum

-Will appear as intense puritus, dry crusty skin, hair loss, hyperkeratosis, lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Demodex spp

A

-demodectic mange mite
-different species in both dogs and cats
-not zoonotic, not contagious
-no environmental survival
-vertical transmission (close contact with dam)

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16
Q

Demodex spp adults

A

-live in hair follicles and sebaceous glands
-eight legs on thorax

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17
Q

When Demodex adults become clinically significant?

A

-numbers
-nymph to adult ratio, where adult numbers much higher

18
Q

Clinical presentations of demodectic mange in dogs

A
  1. most asymptomatic (normal fauna)
  2. localized demodecosis
  3. generalized demodecosis (juvenile or adult onset)
  4. Pododemodecosis
19
Q

Localized demodecosis

A

-Occurs in young (3-18mths)
-seen in mouth, eyes, forelegs, rarely ear canals
-appears as focal alopecia, squamous, silver scaling, not pruritic, self resolving usually within 1-2 months

20
Q

Generalized Demodecosis

A

-considered generalized if more than 5 lesions
-Can occur at any age, prognosis is better in young
-starts with face and limbs
-appears as pustular form, folliculitis, hyperkeratosis
-can be painful, but not pruritic unless secondary bacteria
-can result in sepsis and death

21
Q

Pododemodecosis

A

-Manifestation or sequelae of generalized form which is usually all 4 paws
>least common form of disease

22
Q

Demodecosis in young animals

A

-3-18mths old

Localized: excellent prognosis, often self recovery

Generalized: good prognosis with treatment. Often linked with family history, purebreds, severe stress

23
Q

Demodecosis in older animals

A

-older than 1.5yrs
-poor prognosis, difficult to treat (60-80% cure rates)
-often linked to underlying immune deficiency, concurrent disease, reproductive stress (heat cycles)

24
Q

Demodecosis treatment

A

-Isoxazolines, moxidectin/imidacloprid
-antibiotics, nutritional support, grooming

25
Q

Feline Demodecosis

A

-rare
-localized often resolves spontaneously
-Generalized: check for underlying disease like FLV or FIV; can be seen as symmetrical alopecia elbows and stifles

26
Q

D. gatoi

A

-only potentially contagious dermodex
-pruritic
-often no underlying disease
-seen in show and pedigree cats

27
Q

Characteristics of surface mites

A

-dorsoventrally flat
-long legs

28
Q

Cheyletiella spp

A

-Rabbit fur mite= walking dandruff
-also present in cats and dogs
-zoonotic (contagious within and among species)

29
Q

Cheyletiella Adults

A

-Have palpal claws
-adults may survive in cool envrionment for more than 10 days

30
Q

Clinical signs of Cheyletiella

A

-Often subclinical
-starts as dorsal scaling, with some pruritis, hair loss
-Rare: hypersensitivity, miliary dermatitis, dorsal hypotrichosis

31
Q

Otodectes sp

A

-Ear mites
-cats and dogs (50% of otitis cat cases=mites, <10% indogs)
-highly contagious, transient zoonosis (self resolving)

32
Q

Otodectes adults

A

Pretarsus: Very short pedicels with caruncles

33
Q

Clinical presentation of Otodectes mites

A

-not always restricted to ears; can be systemic
-appears as pruritus, head shaking, behavioural disturbances (hypersensitivities)
-worse in young and immunocompromised

34
Q

Eutrombicula spp

A

-Harvest mites or chigger
-rare; seen in Fall
-6 legs
-free living mites; only larvae are parasitic
-wide range of hosts
-zoonotic from environment, not host-host

35
Q

Eutrombicula larvae

A

-6 legs
-Plumose setae

36
Q

Clinical appearance of Eutrombicula

A

-seen around head, eyes, ears, then feet, and ventrum

-can cause mild to severe pruritus associated with stylostome (feeding tube)

-infestation is transient

37
Q

Pneumonyssoides caninum

A

not tested!
-nasal mite
-linked with reverse sneezing in dogs
-can ID based on scoping nose

38
Q

Diagnosis of burrowing mites

A

-conduct multiple deep skin scrapings +/- KOH diget
-biopsy?

39
Q

Diagnosis of surface mites

A

-use tape, comb, vacuum, hand lens, fecals (due to cats cleaning themselves)

40
Q

Diagnosis for ear/nose mites

A

-use otoscopy or rhinoscopy
-swabs with mineral oil

41
Q

Management of mites

A

Think:
1. Is treatment needed for all animals?
2. Is mite a zoonosis? DO I need to treat?
3. How often do mites survive in environment? How long to keep treating for?

42
Q

Mite treatments

A
  1. Macrocyclic lactones (oral, topical, parenteral)
    -ivermectin, selamectin, moxidectin
  2. Isoxazolines (oral)- increasingly on label
  3. Topical: lime sulfur dips

Parasitology (12 decks)

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