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Parasitology > protozoa 2 dogs and cats > Flashcards

protozoa 2 dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue cyst of coccidia

A

-Toxoplasma
-Neospora

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2
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

-Felids only DH
-Wide range of vertebrates serve as facultative intermediate hosts
-seroprevalence 15-30%

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3
Q

Toxoplasma oocysts

A

-oocysts produce for only a few weeks once in a cats lifetime
-100s of millions per cat
-survive in soil for 1 yr, water for 5yrs

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4
Q

Tachyzoites

A

-located in peritoneal fluid
-fast dividers

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5
Q

Bradyzoites

A

-located in brain and muscle
-thin walled tissue cysts

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6
Q

Toxoplasma reproduction in felid

A
  1. Merogony
  2. Gametogony
  3. Unsporulated oocysts pass in feces
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7
Q

Route of feline infection- fecal oral route

A

-fecal-oral route
-PPP:21 days

  1. Eggs shed in feces from felid
  2. Sporulation 1-3 days
  3. Cat ingests
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8
Q

Ingestion of oocysts by intermediate hosts

A
  1. Intermediate hosts ingest eggs from cat feces
  2. Become tachyzoites that then cyst in tissues as bradyzoites

PPP=3-8 days

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9
Q

Transplacental transmission of toxoplasma to litter

A

*occurs if queen is infected for first time in pregnancy
SEVERE DISEASE
Tachyzoites will be shed that passes on

Symptoms to kittens: ocular lesions, neurological lesions

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10
Q

Pathogenesis of Toxoplasmosis

A

Adult cats: self limiting diarrhea, fever

Kittens: most severe when congenitally infected (anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, pneumonia, icterus, encephalitis, ocular lesions)

Intermediate hosts: often asymptomatic; can transmit vertically and through carnivory
Ex. dogs infected in pregnancy= may abort

**Reinfection may occur

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11
Q

How long does shedding of toxoplama last?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

A

-Fecal flotation (oocysts only shed 2 weeks)

-Serology, immunohistochemistry, PCR

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13
Q

Control of Toxoplasmosis

A

-clean litter boxes daily before sporulation

-keep cats indoors

-feed pets only commercial, cooked or frozen (-18 for 3 days) diets

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14
Q

Treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

-Only for acute disease; some drugs
-reduce risk of congenital transmission
-treat and avoid reinfection

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15
Q

Risk mitigation for owners

A

-Avoid cleaning litter boxes
-Gardening
-consumption of undercooked meat
-raw milk
-unwashed produce and unfiltered water

-less than 1% of cats shedding at any given time

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16
Q

Neospora caninum hosts

A

DH: dogs and wild canids

IH: cattle, wild ungulates, other carnivores, cats

*not zoonotic

17
Q

Neospora oocyst

A

-located in dog feces
-contains 4 sporozoites in each of a total 2 sporocysts

18
Q

Neospora tissue cyst

A

-located in neurons, skeletal muscle
-very thick walled cyst

19
Q

Life cycle of Neospora caninum

A
  1. DH dogs and wild canids
  2. Release oocysts in feces. Sporulates in 1-3 days. Patency=3wks
  3. IH ingest sporocysts
  4. DH ingests tissue cysts of IH or the placental abortus from IH

**Transplacental infection in both DH and IH

**IH cannot pass to each other

20
Q

Pathogenesis of Neospora

A

-often asymptomatic
-not all pups infected with tissue cysts, and not all infected show signs

-can infect subsequent litters. Most severe in congenitally infected puppies (neurological and skeletal muscle issues such as hindlimb paralysis, dysphagia)
-older dogs: encephalitis, myopathy, ulcerative dermatitis

21
Q

Diagnosis of neospora

A

-clinical appearance
-serology
-histology/cytology

22
Q

Control of neospora

A

-do not allow dogs to eat placenta, fetus, or dead calves

-do not breed seropositive female dogs

-Drugs: sulphonamides, clindamycin

23
Q

Sarcocystis spp life cycle

A
  1. Carnivore DH; gametogony, sporogony. Sporulation occurs in the intestines
    PPP:1 wk
  2. Sporocysts with 4 sporozoites in feces
    *immediately infective
  3. Ingested by IH: merogony. Develops for at least 2 months
  4. Sarcocysts with bradyzoites in tissues of IH
  5. DH ingest bradyzoites in muscle of IH
24
Q

Sarcocystis sporocyst

A

-most common in West

-likely dog has access to raw meat or wildlife

25
Q

Control of sarcocystis

A

-do not feed raw meat
-prevent access to wildlife

-not a zoonoses issue in Canada; humans are a DH for cattle and pig sarcocystis

26
Q

Diagnosis of Sarcocystis

A

-Fecal float
-serology
-muscle biopsy

27
Q

Haematozoea

A

-arthropod transmitted
-ex. Hepatozoon, Cytauxzoon

1.IH mammal; asexual reproduction in erythrocytes
2. DH tick takes blood meal. Sexual reproduction in gut.
3. sporogony in salivary glands of DH
4. IH will ingest the tick

28
Q

Amoebae in dogs and cats

A

Direct life cycles
-amoeba living in warm water; travel up nose through brain plate
-trophozoite infective stage
-free living amoeba in humans and dogs

-eg. Naegleria

Parasitology (12 decks)

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