tackling SB in school and at home

Question 1

what three factors are important to consider when planning an intervention to tackle SB

Answer 1

what is the behavior and why is it being targeted

what are the mediators/mecahnisms of change

what stratergies are there to change the behaviour

Question 2

Name and describe two types of active learning

Answer 2

Active breaks: 2-3 mins of movement incorperated into a lesson or during breaks between lessons

Active lessons: integration of movement into a lesson plan

Question 3

CDC results of school based physical activity and outcomes

Answer 3

50% of associations positive

48% not significant

Question 4

CDC results specifically looking at active learning

Answer 4

9 studies

8/9 showed positive effects

Question 5

Norris review of physically active lessons

Answer 5

11 studies but only 3 condsidered educational outcomes

outcomes improved or no different

Question 6

Netherlands intervention primary research paper

Answer 6

499 kids

2 years of 3x week PAL

=4 months of learning gain

also improved enjoyment and improved attention to task

Question 7

Evidence summary: what do PAL not achieve

Answer 7

increase in overall daily PA

decrease in overall daily SB

Question 8

Evidence summary: what may PAL achieve

Answer 8

increased PA in classroom
decreased SB in classroom
Increased attention to task in classroom
Increased academic achievement in some subjects
increased enjoyment of learning

Question 9

Evidence summary: physically active breaks can achieve

Answer 9

increased PA in classroom

Question 10

give some limitations of the current evidence regarding PAL

Answer 10

short duration of interventions

lack of follow up

interventions often not designed with behaviour theory

don’t use inclinometers to measure sitting time

lack of generalisability (USA and Australasia)

lack of implementation data

small sample sizes

Question 11

Briefly explain what the behaviour change wheel is

Answer 11

systematic way of identifying relevant intervention functions and policy catagories based on what is understood about the target behaviour

Question 12

what are the three componants of the behaviour change wheel

Answer 12

Forces: which shape or drive behaviour

Intervention functions/techniques: ways to influence the forces/change them

Policy catagories: which enable/support the implementation of the intervention functions

Question 13

Define capability and the two aspects of it

Answer 13

A person’s physical and psychological ability to engage with an activity

Physical: can they do the actions required for engagement which may need ability or proficiency and that are learned through pracice

Psychological: do they have the ability to carry out the mental processes or the mental skills required to perform a behaviour

Question 14

Define opportunity and the two aspects of it

Answer 14

the combo of external and internal social and physical factors which make wanted behaviours more likely or unwanted ones less likely

Physical: any aspect of the environment which encourages or discourages a behaviour

Social: influences from familiy/friends/collegues either by direct support or by altering the way people think about an intervention

Question 15

Define motivation and the two aspects of it

Answer 15

the sum of internal influences which energise and direct behaviour e.g psychological influence, motives, beliefs and inhibitions

Reflective: values and beliefs about what is important, concious intentions and decisions

Autonmatic: emtional responses, desires and habits due to associative learning and physiological states

Question 16

What did the beat the street campaign involve

Answer 16

encouraging walking and cycling by gamefication so children got rewards the more they actively transported

had smart cards to swipe on beat boxes as they walked around neighbourhood

control vs intervention school

took accelerometer data before during and after

Question 17

what were the main findings of the beat the street intervention

Answer 17

no impact on overall PA during commutes

did seem to increase amount of MVPA during commute

higher engagement = more MVPA done
(3.46 mins/day for those engaging for 14.5 days)

lower MVPA in evening so evidence of a compensation effect with intervention

intervention = reported increase in active travel and change from passive to active travel

Question 18

give some limitations of the beat the street intervention

Answer 18

unable to control for any school level effects

small number of controls

low engagement with intervention

short intervention duration

affected by weather

needed to target family participation

Question 19

List the 9 intervention functions from the behaviour change wheel

Answer 19

education

persuasion

coercion

training

Incentivisation

Enablement

modelling

environmental restructuring

restrictions