national and international initiatives Flashcards
name the 7 best initiatives
whole school programmes
transport policies and systems which priorities walking cycling and public transport
urban design regulation and infrastructure that provides equitable and safe access for recreation PA, recreational cycling, transport cycling
integration of PA and NCD prevention into primary healthcare systems
public education and mass media campaigns to increase awareness and change social norms regarding PA
community wide programmes involving multiple settings that monolise and integrate community engagement and resources
sport systems and programmes promoting sport for all and encourage lifelong participation
why are the 7 best investments important
clearly identify areas which need to be worked on
has an entire section which specifically targets children
promotes collaboration and organising of funding
education needed to increase PA and encourage lifelong participation
what is involved in the first investment (schools)
regular highly active PE lessons
suitable environments and equipment to allow engagement in structured and unstructured play
supporting walking and cycling to school
engaging with students, teachers, parents and the wider community to increase PA
What is involved in the second investment (transport policy)
targeting walking and cycling bc is best way to cause sustainable increase in daily PA
change policy to influence land use e.g footpaths
programmes to encourage walking and cycling
what is involved in the third investment (urban design)
mixed use areas so people can walk to shops etc
highly connected streets to make walking easier
easy access to open space
what is involved in the 4th investment (primary healthcare)
encouragement from doctors and signposting to help increase PA
including PA level as part of screening programmes
positive messages about PA
extra training for doctors on how best to speak to patients and increase PA etc
what is involved in the 5th investment (mass media)
giving clear messages regarding PA to the public
raising awareness and increasing knowledge regarding PA
shifting social norms about PA
increasing motivation to engage
create community based events to increase engagement
What is involved in the 6th investment (community programmes)
programmes of public education
PA programmes close to where people live and work to maximise engagement
what is involved in the 7th investment (sport for all)
adapted sports to suit all interests
ensure sport is enjoyable for all
create partnerships between elite and community organisations
supportive policy to make engagement easier
what were the aims of the transform us study
to determine if an 18 month behavioural and environmental intervention in schools and homes could increase PA and lower SB in 8-9 year olds
determine combined and individual effects of PA and SB on cardiometabolic health
identify mediators for success
determine if intervention was cost effective
what were the 4 groups in the transform us study
PA, SB, PA and SB or control
what was involved in the PA intervention
transform us study
18 key learning messages provision of sport equipment, playground painting etc pedometers tips on how to increase PA homework which involved PA
what was involved in the SB intervention
transform us study
18 key learning messages standing lessons active breaks standing easels novelty timers tips to decrease sitting time reduce sitting time when doing homework
what were the three aspects of the theoretical basis for this intervention and what did each involve
transform us study
intrapersonal: increased confidence
increased preference of activity
allowing to overcome barriers
being able to self-instruct and monitor behaviour
Interpersonal: observational learning
social support
better social structure
environment: better availability and access to PA
what were the findings from the primary outcomes
transform us study
change in time spent sedentary and doing PA (accelerometer)
change in sedentary time (inclinometer)
how was the process of economic evaluation of this intervention carried out
transform us study
teachers kept diary of how much extra time needed to plan lessons
questionairres to parents about how much extra time was spent doing homework
what effects were found at the mid-intervention evaluation
transform us study
13.3 mins/day less time spent sedentary (SB and PA group)
higher enjoyment of standing tasks (SB group)
positive perceptions of standing opportunities (PA and SB group and PA group)
no mediators found
give some reasons why no mediators were found in the mid intervention evaluation in the transform us study
was from self report data, so poorer measurement quality
failure to capture relative mechanisms
time lag between change in mediators and change in behaviour
what were the end of intervention findings from the transform us study
PA in break and lunch increased by 33 mins/week
sitting time reduced by 196 mins/week
$30 per person per year
what is involved in the worlds biggest street designs initiative
archive of images to track urban makers across the world which have been designed to increase PA
what did the NYC active design guidelines intervention involve
who were the target audience
implementing evidence based stratergies to create streets and buildings which promote PA
e.g encouraging walking, cycling or stair climbing
Planners, desginers, architects and developers
what 4 areas were targeted by the NYC ADG programme
active transport
active recreation
active buildings
healthy eating
how was the NYC ADG evaluated
survey of 500 professionals before and after intervention started
audits of 32 companies
case study of 4 projects
what were the findings of the evaluation of the NYC ADG intervention
increase in belief and confidence that they could address issues relating to PA
increased knowledge of link between environment and health
increase self report of implementation of stratergies into planning
what were the findings from surveys about the NYC ADG
knowledge was aquired from: conferences, magazines, websites and guidelines
biggest interest was if it was cost effective, some believe it wasnt
some still not convinced planning changes would be effective
what are some limitations of the evaluation of the NYC ADG
response rate was only 20%
survey was cross sectional before and after so may not have been same people
only 5 months left between pre and post evaluation
what was involved in the counselling to prevent obesity in pre-school children programme
self administered screening tool
agree on behaviour changes
advice and counselling to parent on how to achieve
visits offered from lifestyle counseller
follow up with doctor
What were the findings from the counselling to prevent obesity in pre-school children programme
was parental desire to change to achieve healthier families
felt doctors should focus on healthy habits
parents were more accepting on nutrition advice than advice on PA
wanted more advice from Dr on how to achieve the behaviour change
with regards to the C4L campaign, what is social marketing?
application of social marketing to programmes designed to influence voluntary behaviour of target audiences to improve their personal welfare
translating educational messages into concepts and products which will be received and acted upon
what were the different means by which C4L tried to distribute its message
adverts
sponsering of Simpsons
collaboration with organisations e,g disney pixar to spread messages
digital communication
communication aimed at steakholders e.g parents
from the self evaluation of C4L, what had been achieved in the first year
reach of mothers of children <11 mothers recall of seeing adverts mothers recognition of logo number of responses to the survey amount of people who had signed up amount of people who had showed a sustained interest
180 000 more mums claim to have adopted C4L behaviours
partner organisations noted a change in food buying habits
describe the self reported gains in knowledge of links between life style and health following C4L
food being associated with diabetes and cancer risk
PA being associated with diabetes, cancer and heart disease risk`
what did the independant evaluation of the C4L campaign find
no sig change in TV viewing habits
No sig change in parental rating of PA importance
awareness had increased
but engagement with the programme was an issue
