national and international initiatives

Question 1

name the 7 best initiatives

Answer 1

whole school programmes

transport policies and systems which priorities walking cycling and public transport

urban design regulation and infrastructure that provides equitable and safe access for recreation PA, recreational cycling, transport cycling

integration of PA and NCD prevention into primary healthcare systems

public education and mass media campaigns to increase awareness and change social norms regarding PA

community wide programmes involving multiple settings that monolise and integrate community engagement and resources

sport systems and programmes promoting sport for all and encourage lifelong participation

Question 2

why are the 7 best investments important

Answer 2

clearly identify areas which need to be worked on

has an entire section which specifically targets children

promotes collaboration and organising of funding

education needed to increase PA and encourage lifelong participation

Question 3

what is involved in the first investment (schools)

Answer 3

regular highly active PE lessons

suitable environments and equipment to allow engagement in structured and unstructured play

supporting walking and cycling to school

engaging with students, teachers, parents and the wider community to increase PA

Question 4

What is involved in the second investment (transport policy)

Answer 4

targeting walking and cycling bc is best way to cause sustainable increase in daily PA

change policy to influence land use e.g footpaths

programmes to encourage walking and cycling

Question 5

what is involved in the third investment (urban design)

Answer 5

mixed use areas so people can walk to shops etc

highly connected streets to make walking easier

easy access to open space

Question 6

what is involved in the 4th investment (primary healthcare)

Answer 6

encouragement from doctors and signposting to help increase PA

including PA level as part of screening programmes

positive messages about PA

extra training for doctors on how best to speak to patients and increase PA etc

Question 7

what is involved in the 5th investment (mass media)

Answer 7

giving clear messages regarding PA to the public

raising awareness and increasing knowledge regarding PA

shifting social norms about PA

increasing motivation to engage

create community based events to increase engagement

Question 8

What is involved in the 6th investment (community programmes)

Answer 8

programmes of public education

PA programmes close to where people live and work to maximise engagement

Question 9

what is involved in the 7th investment (sport for all)

Answer 9

adapted sports to suit all interests

ensure sport is enjoyable for all

create partnerships between elite and community organisations

supportive policy to make engagement easier

Question 10

what were the aims of the transform us study

Answer 10

to determine if an 18 month behavioural and environmental intervention in schools and homes could increase PA and lower SB in 8-9 year olds

determine combined and individual effects of PA and SB on cardiometabolic health

identify mediators for success

determine if intervention was cost effective

Question 11

what were the 4 groups in the transform us study

Answer 11

PA, SB, PA and SB or control

Question 12

what was involved in the PA intervention

transform us study

Answer 12

18 key learning messages 
provision of sport equipment, playground painting etc 
pedometers 
tips on how to increase PA 
homework which involved PA

Question 13

what was involved in the SB intervention

transform us study

Answer 13

18 key learning messages 
standing lessons 
active breaks 
standing easels 
novelty timers 
tips to decrease sitting time 
reduce sitting time when doing homework

Question 14

what were the three aspects of the theoretical basis for this intervention and what did each involve

transform us study

Answer 14

intrapersonal: increased confidence
increased preference of activity
allowing to overcome barriers
being able to self-instruct and monitor behaviour

Interpersonal: observational learning
social support
better social structure

environment: better availability and access to PA

Question 15

what were the findings from the primary outcomes

transform us study

Answer 15

change in time spent sedentary and doing PA (accelerometer)

change in sedentary time (inclinometer)

Question 16

how was the process of economic evaluation of this intervention carried out

transform us study

Answer 16

teachers kept diary of how much extra time needed to plan lessons

questionairres to parents about how much extra time was spent doing homework

Question 17

what effects were found at the mid-intervention evaluation

transform us study

Answer 17

13.3 mins/day less time spent sedentary (SB and PA group)

higher enjoyment of standing tasks (SB group)

positive perceptions of standing opportunities (PA and SB group and PA group)

no mediators found

Question 18

give some reasons why no mediators were found in the mid intervention evaluation in the transform us study

Answer 18

was from self report data, so poorer measurement quality

failure to capture relative mechanisms

time lag between change in mediators and change in behaviour

Question 19

what were the end of intervention findings from the transform us study

Answer 19

PA in break and lunch increased by 33 mins/week

sitting time reduced by 196 mins/week

$30 per person per year

Question 20

what is involved in the worlds biggest street designs initiative

Answer 20

archive of images to track urban makers across the world which have been designed to increase PA

Question 21

what did the NYC active design guidelines intervention involve

who were the target audience

Answer 21

implementing evidence based stratergies to create streets and buildings which promote PA
e.g encouraging walking, cycling or stair climbing

Planners, desginers, architects and developers

Question 22

what 4 areas were targeted by the NYC ADG programme

Answer 22

active transport
active recreation
active buildings
healthy eating

Question 23

how was the NYC ADG evaluated

Answer 23

survey of 500 professionals before and after intervention started

audits of 32 companies

case study of 4 projects

Question 24

what were the findings of the evaluation of the NYC ADG intervention

Answer 24

increase in belief and confidence that they could address issues relating to PA

increased knowledge of link between environment and health

increase self report of implementation of stratergies into planning

Question 25

what were the findings from surveys about the NYC ADG

Answer 25

knowledge was aquired from: conferences, magazines, websites and guidelines

biggest interest was if it was cost effective, some believe it wasnt

some still not convinced planning changes would be effective

Question 26

what are some limitations of the evaluation of the NYC ADG

Answer 26

response rate was only 20%

survey was cross sectional before and after so may not have been same people

only 5 months left between pre and post evaluation

Question 27

what was involved in the counselling to prevent obesity in pre-school children programme

Answer 27

self administered screening tool

agree on behaviour changes
advice and counselling to parent on how to achieve
visits offered from lifestyle counseller
follow up with doctor

Question 28

What were the findings from the counselling to prevent obesity in pre-school children programme

Answer 28

was parental desire to change to achieve healthier families
felt doctors should focus on healthy habits
parents were more accepting on nutrition advice than advice on PA
wanted more advice from Dr on how to achieve the behaviour change

Question 29

with regards to the C4L campaign, what is social marketing?

Answer 29

application of social marketing to programmes designed to influence voluntary behaviour of target audiences to improve their personal welfare

translating educational messages into concepts and products which will be received and acted upon

Question 30

what were the different means by which C4L tried to distribute its message

Answer 30

adverts
sponsering of Simpsons
collaboration with organisations e,g disney pixar to spread messages
digital communication
communication aimed at steakholders e.g parents

Question 31

from the self evaluation of C4L, what had been achieved in the first year

Answer 31

reach of mothers of children <11
mothers recall of seeing adverts 
mothers recognition of logo
number of responses to the survey 
amount of people who had signed up 
amount of people who had showed a sustained interest 

180 000 more mums claim to have adopted C4L behaviours

partner organisations noted a change in food buying habits

Question 32

describe the self reported gains in knowledge of links between life style and health following C4L

Answer 32

food being associated with diabetes and cancer risk

PA being associated with diabetes, cancer and heart disease risk`

Question 33

what did the independant evaluation of the C4L campaign find

Answer 33

no sig change in TV viewing habits

No sig change in parental rating of PA importance

awareness had increased

but engagement with the programme was an issue