Tack and Equipment Flashcards
Name the materials bits can be made of?
Stainless Steel, German Silver, Solid Nickel, Copper, Aluminum, Vulcanite, Happy Mouth, Rubber
What is a happy mouth?
A soft, apple flavored rubber mouthpiece which is gentle to use and non-allergenic
What type of bit has four reins and one mouthpiece?
Pelham bit
What are three basic types of classified bits?
1) Snaffle bit 2) Curb bit 3) Hackamore bit
How many types of snaffles are there?
4
What are four types of snaffles?
Jointed mouth loose ring, rubber covered racing dee, egg butt full cheek, metal mullen mouth
List the minimum amount of equipment necesssary for full enjoyment of a horse.
Saddle, bridle, saddle pad, lead rope, and halter
What are the three basic parts of the bridle?
Headstall, bit, and reins
Name two of three types of Western headstalls.
Split ear, slip ear, and conventional
What is the equipment that helps in positioning the head and works on the mouth to keep the head low with reins running through the rings?
Running martingales
Name four types of reins that can be used for different riding conditions based on the personal preference of the rider.
Plain reins, rubber reins, laced reins, and web reins
What is the primary drawback to riding with plain reins?
They may become slick from rain or sweat
How many parts does an English bridle have?
8
What are the 8 parts of the English bridle?
Crown piece, reins, brow band, noseband, bit, throatlatch, cheekpiece, headstall, cavesson
What is not on the Western bridle but is on the English bridle?
Noseband
How many parts does a western bridle have?
6
What are the 6 parts of a western bridle?
Crown piece, browband, throatlatch, headstall, cheek piece, bit, curb strap, the reins.
What are the protective pieces fastened to the bottom of a horse’s hooves that protect the wall?
Shoes
How many years have shoes been used to protect horses’ feet?
2000 years
What is the purpose of using horseshoes?
To protect horses feet from excessive wear and alleviate problems due to disease and injury
How many nails are used to put on a horseshoes?
8
Name three of the tools required by a farrier to trim a horse’s feet.
Hoof pick, knife, rasp, and nippers
What farrier tool is used to level the bearing surface of the foot and finish the clinches?
The tang rasp
What tool is used to make a level bearing surface after the hoof has been trimmed with nippers?
A rasp
What is a hoof parer?
Similar to the nippers but has a blunt edge and a sharp edge used to remove excess hoof wall
What is used on horseshoes to take the stress off the nails and stabilize the shoe on the foot?
Clips
Clips on a horseshoe are used for what?
To take the stress off the nails and stabilize the shoe on the foot
What are clinches?
the ends of the horseshoe nails that are bent over to hold the shoe in place
What is a pritchel used for?
To open the nail holes on a horseshoe
Why is borium applied to a horseshoe?
To improve the gripping properties and the life of the shoe
Why are weighted shoes used in some breeds?
Enhance leg action
What is a pattern shoe used for?
To elevate the heels of a horse that is confined to stall rest
What type of high tech development of recent years permits the application of a shoe to a foot without nails?
Glue-on shoes
Name four types of shoes
heart bar, egg bar, square toe, and rocker toe
What are squared toed shoes most commonly used for?
On hind feet to stabilize the breakover of the foot
On what type of horse do you commonly see sliding plates on the back feet?
Reining shoes
What type of shoe is used to support the rear portion of the foot?
Egg bar shoe
What term means a mechanical technique to assist in the medical treatment of foot or limb disease?
Corrective shoeing
What is a mechanical technique to assist in the medical treatment of foot or limb disease?
Therapeutic shoeing
When would heavier shoes be desirable?
To enhance action, protect the foot or prolong wear
What factors should be considered when selecting size and type of bar stock to make handmade shoes for each individual horse?
Intended use of the horse, stage of training, terrain to be worked on, size of the horse, and interval between shoeing
What are used on the horseshoes to take the stress off the nails and stabilize the shoe on the foot?
Clips
What type shoes are used on the front feet of horses, particularly those in training or used for trotting harness racing or reining?
Half-round shoes
What are used on the back feet of reining horses to help the horse slide across the ground while he is in the sliding stop?
Sliding plates
What shoes are used mostly on the hind feet to stabilize the breakover of the foot?
Square-toed shoes
Which shoes can be either medial or laterals, putting more stress on the foot and let at the moment of breaking over than the square-toe, but helping a horse stand straighter and breakover more in the center of the toe? They are also to help correct stance and gait defects in young, growing horses?
Extension shoes
Which shoes are used to enhance leg action by changing the timing of and adding momentum to a hoof light patterns?
Weighted shoes
What is used on the hind feet when teaching a five-gaited horse to do the racking gait?
Weighted shoes or toe weights
What are the most commonly used on a horse to increase knee action, such as on a trotter or driving horse?
Weighted shoes or toe weights
Which type shoes are used on the front feet of reining and western pleasure horses to allow the horse to keep the feet closer to the ground and have a freer, longer stride?
Aluminum shoes
Which type of shoes have fullering or creasing all the way around the shoe?
Concave or rim shoes
What is the purpose of using concave shoes?
The fullering fills with dirt and then dirt against dirt gives more traction than steel against dirt. In addition, concave or rim shoes have a sloping inner ground surface border that gives a self-cleaning feature to the shoe so mud, snow, and other debris will fall out of the shoe easier as the horse moves.
Which type shoe is used to support the rear portion of the foot and is very useful in horses that have under-run or collapsed heels, especially those that have pain in the posterior heel area, such as horses with navicular disease?
Egg bar shoe
Which shoe is frequently used in conjunction with the egg bar to alleviate tension on the deep flexor tendon at the moment of breaking over?
The rock-toe shoe or set toe
Which type shoe is used to transfer weight from the wall, where weight is normally borne, to the frog temporarily while the wall area is healing?
Heart bar shoe
What is used to raise the angle of a foot?
Wedge heels
What is used to elevate the heels of a horse that is confined to stall rest?
Pattern shoe
What is used to protect the bottom of the foot?
Pads
What is a hospital plate?
A type of pad that is removable after the shoe is on the foot to be able to apply medication to the bottom of the foot.
What type of she can be applied to a foot without nails and are useful on foals with thin fragile hoof walls?
Glue-on shoes
Name four things that are considered barn equipment.
Shovel, broom, manure fork, wheelbarrow
What are five grooming tools?
Soft brush, mane and tail comb, horse hairbrush, hoofpick, hoofpick brush, sweat scraper
What is a planchette?
A wooden step used to support the feet of side saddle riders
What were the four early reasons for packing?
Transportation, raiding, commerce such as packing furs, and enjoyment
What do we use packing for today?
Hunting, fishing, photo tours of high country, and other remote areas
What single-rigged lightweight saddle has been used to pack?
The traditional McClellan saddle
What two pieces of tack can easily be added to a stock saddle or the McClellan to make them more suitable for packing?
A breeching and a breast collar
What are the two basic styles of traditional pack saddles?
The crossbuck and the decker
Name four parts of a sawbuck or crossbuck saddle?
Breast collar, butt plate, front cinch, rear cinch
What are panniers?
The containers used to carry supplies in
What is the purpose of a pannnier?
To carry gear, food, and equipment on a pack horse
List four materials panniers can be made of.
Wood, canvas, heavy canvas, rawhide
How are panniers attatched to the saddle?
With loops that go over the crossbuck or are buckled through the frame of the decker
What type saddle is normally a centerfire-rigged, single-cinch saddle with a half breed?
The Decker
What is a heavy canvas or poly cover over the saddle with a wooden bar at its bottom that provides extra padding?
The half breed
Which lasts longer, a half breed made of poly material or canvas?
Poly material
What is the purpose of a half breed?
To hold the pack away from the animal’s side
What does “mantied” means?
A load placed in a canvas cover
Why is the hitch important?
It must secure the entire, balanced load to the pack animal
List four variation of hitches?
Single, double, half-diamond, triple diamond, squaw, and Arizona
The addition of what on the blades of the saddle can give your pack animal a lot more protection?
Sheep skin lining
What is the breeching?
The rigging of butt plate, connecting straps and canvas or leather that attaches to the back of the saddle and goes around the animals hind legs
What is the purpose of the breeching?
To hold the saddle when going downhill and to keep the load centered on the animal’s back
What is the manta?
A piece of canvas from 6by6 up to 10by12 used to throw over the load as a cover to protect it
Other than the breeching, what else is used to control keeping the pack centered on the horse’s back?
The breast collar
What is a small device that goes around the base of the animals’ tail and attaches to the saddle?
Croupier
What must be tight before putting on the pack?
The cinches
What things should be considered when selecting a cinch?
They type of saddle and whether it is single rigged or double rigged
The length of the cinch depends on what?
The size of the animal to be packed
What purpose is the extra ring at each end of a pack cinch?
To tie the last rope on
Does the Decker saddle usually have a single or double cinch?
Single
Does the Crossbuck usually have a single or doulbe cinch?
Double
Which is the most widely used pack saddle?
A crossbuck or a sawbuck pack saddle
List seven parts of a sawbuck or crossbuck saddle?
Breast collar, front cinch, rear cinch, latigos, breeching, hip straps, connecting straps, butt plate, back straps rigging, bars buck
What type of materials are panniers made of?
Wood, rawhide, fiberglass, canvas, leather and leather reinforced canvas, aluminum and metal
When hard-sided panniers are used what extra care should be taken?
The panniers should be curved to fit the side of the animal and you should use an extra-long pack saddle pad or half-breed bar on the Decker saddle
How long should the lash cinch be?
45-50ft
What are the two basic saddles?
English and Western
How many parts does a western saddle have?
16
Name three types of Western saddles.
Pleasure/trail, endurance, Western Pleasure/equitation, reining, barrel racing, roping, cutting
What is the most important thing to consider when purchasing a Western saddle?
It needs to fit your horse properly, especially across the withers
What are the two main types of English saddles?
Saddle Seat and Hunt Seat
Name 3 types of hunt seat saddles?
All-purpose, close contact, and dressage
All-purpose, close contact, and dressage are all considered what type of saddle?
Hunt or Forward seat
What is the main purpose of an all purpose saddle?
Generally the most popular, it is used for eventing, equitation, or pleasure or trail riding
What is the main purpose of a close contact saddle?
Jumping with a little or no equitation or flat work
What is a dressage saddle designed for?
It gives balance through the seat and allows maximum side contact between the horse and rider
Upon dismounting, what is the first thing an English rider should do?
Run up the stirrups
When properly fitted, and the cinch drawn tight, how much space should lie between the withers and the fork of a western saddle?
Enough space to insert two fingers
What are at least four purposes for saddle blankets or pads?
to protect the horses back, to absorb sweat and moisture, to protect the saddle, to help saddle fit better
Name five types of saddle pads.
Sheepskin pad, foam pad, hair pad, therapeutic pad, felt pad
What is the key factor to consider when selecting a vehicle to pull a trailer?
Safety
Other than safety what are four important items to consider when selecting a vehicle to pull a trailer?
Truck and engine, size, brake and electrical system, type of hitch, and correct ball size
Many horses that do not trailer well are the result of what?
Poor drivers
Should a horse be tied or not tied in a trailer?
tied
Why should a head bumper be used in trailers?
It is good for horses that fight the trailer to prevent cuts to the poll and other areas of the head
Every trailer should have what behind each horse?
A butt bar or chain
What is the purpose of a butt bar or chain behind each horse in a trailer?
The bar provides a safety mechanism in case the door comes open or was not properly fastened
Name 5 trouble spots to check on your trailer before hauling a horse.
Tire damage, Rotted floorboards, safety chains, light, brakes, wheel bearings, broken hitch welds
