Competition Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Which breed has had the most influence in the development of light horse breeds in America?
A
Thoroughbred
2
Q
What is the primary difference between a horse with a roan coat and a horse with a grey coat?
A
A roan horse’s coat does not change over time; gray will become lighter over time
3
Q
What term refers to a mature female horse that has never been bred?
A
Maiden mare
4
Q
What is the common term for Equine Periodic Opthalmia?
A
Moon Blindness
5
Q
Sun cured hay is a good source of what vitamin?
A
Vitamin D
6
Q
What type of bit is considered to be the most severe western curb bit?
A
Spade bit
7
Q
What is the slang term for the medication phenylbutazone?
A
Bute
8
Q
What is the purpose of adding stickers or “mud calks” to the heel of a racing plate?
A
To increase traction on a muddy race track
9
Q
What is the recommendation for the minimum height for a perimeter fence and the minimum height for a fence used to divide pastures?
A
5ft for the perimeter and 4 1/2 feet for the dividing
10
Q
What is the common term for the ossification of the lateral cartilages of the distal phalanx?
A
Sidebones
11
Q
Identify four advantages of having a “Dutch” or open top exterior door for each horse stall?
A
Improves stable ventilation, more light, permits horse to put head our into fresh air, decreases respiratory diseases, help alleviate boredom/stable vices, provides a fire exit
12
Q
What is the common term for the external parasite Stomoxys calcitrans?
A
Stable fly
13
Q
In a ranch operation, what is the purpose of a boundary rider?
A
To ride the fences of the property and repair any problem
14
Q
What is the name of the winged horse of Greek mythology?
A
Pegasus
15
Q
Giving the horse more selenium, vitamin E and reducing grain intake on days the horse is idle are nutritional preventatives for what metabolic disorder in horses?
A
Tying up syndrome
16
Q
What is the common term for the 1st premolar teeth?
A
Wolf teeth
17
Q
In addition to a hoof pick, what are the three basic tools used by a farrier when trimming the feet?
A
Rasp, Knife, Nippers
18
Q
Poisonous plants that are classified as hepatotoxic primarily affect which organ?
A
Liver
19
Q
You are the veterinarian treating a horse with West Nile Encehalitis. The horses owner is concerned and wants to know why you are not treating the horse with an antibiotic. Explain why..
A
West Nile is caused by a virus and antibiotics are used to treat bacteria diseases
20
Q
What type of internal parasites causes “summer sores”?
A
Stomach worm
21
Q
What term refers to a wild Australian horse?
A
Brumby
22
Q
You are judging a cutting horse competition. It is important to remember when calculating the final scores that each entry begins with what score?
A
70
23
Q
At what age do horses normally shed their deciduous first cheek teeth?
A
2-2 1/2 years
24
Q
In regards to horse training, stimuli can be divided into what two categories?
A
Condition and unconditioned stimuli
25
What is the clinical name for the condition known as roaring?
Larynegeal Hemiplagia
26
What two conformation factors determine how collected, balanced, and horizontal in movement the horse is?
Croup angle and hock position
27
What is another name for the fetlock?
Ankle
28
Define the term "cue" as it pertains to horses.
A signal given by the rider
29
How does a horse develop the habit of stall walking?
When confined to stalls for long periods of time
30
Describe and give the purpose for using concave shoes.
They have fullering all the way around the shoe; the fullering fills with dirt, which increases traction
31
A normal foal weights what percentage of the mare's body weight?
9-10%
32
What is a breed roll used for?
To protect the maiden mare form excess penetration of the stallion.
33
Name at least on exclusion in Full Mortality insurance policies.
Death caused by neglect, caused by malicious or willful injuries,occurring when a horse is used for something other than its declared purpose, caused by the inoculation of a drug not administered under the care/direction of a vet
34
What is the name of the bacteria that causes strangles in horses?
Strepococcus equi
35
In relation to fueling exercise, what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
36
Name four factor that influence a horse's nutritional requirements.
size, age, environment, type of work, individual characteristics
37
Where are wolf teeth located?
They are the small rudimentary teeth in front of the first cheek teeth
38
Do thyroid hormone levels decrease or increase with excess protein in the diet?
Decrease
39
Name three general cause sod developmental orthopedic disease.
Genetics, excess dietary energy intake, mare obesity
40
In addition to the piloerection of the hair, what is a horses primary means of temperature regulation?
Evaporation of sweat
41
In horses, as well as other mammals, light rays enter the lens of the eye and are focused on what?
Retina
42
In minles per hour, how fast is the Tennessee Walker's flat foot walk and running walk?
Flat foot is 5-7mph and running walk is 10mph
43
What is a dry lot?
A paddock or exercise area totally devoid of vegetation or edible plants
44
What is the term used for a localized collection of pus in the tissues of the body, often accompanied by swelling and inflammation?
Abscess
45
What is the term for a small patch of white hair located between a horse's eyes?
Star
46
What is sweet feed?
A grain mix that contains molasses
47
A horse that resist being ridded away from the barn is considered to be what?
Barn-sour
48
What is the result of breeding a mare to a jack?
Mule
49
Be specific. A red dorsal stripe appears with which coat color?
Red dun, Claybank dun, or apricot dun
50
What is the term for a condition of increased sensitivity to a specific protein, which may result in hives, rashes, sneezing or respiratory difficulties?
Allergy
51
What is the term for the distance between successive imprints of the same foot?
stride
52
What is the term for a horse that is wild or existing in a natural, non-domesticated state?
Feral
53
What is the general term for the substance emitted by a stallion during the breeding of a mare?
Seminal fluid or semen
54
Name three areas in the horse's body where the majority of internal parasites are found?
Alimentary tract, lungs, blood stream, arteries, lining of intestines
55
For what purpose was man's earliest use of the horse?
Food or transportation
56
When used in regard to horses, this term indicated dominance hierarchy or order of dominance.
Pecking Order
57
Where on the horse do "bot eggs" hatch?
In the horses mouth
58
Name three different vocal sounds or voice communications made by the horse?
Neigh, whinny, nicker, squeal, snort
59
What are the three natural gait of a horse?
walk, trot, gallop
60
What is the term for the type of shoeing job when the farrier uses the same set of shoes for a second time?
Re-set or re-shod
61
In reference to hay, what part of the plant is the least digestible for a horse?
The stems
62
Name three stimuli that trigger the response of shivering.
cold, fear, excitement
63
If a horse experiences "renal failure" what part of the body is not functioning properly?
Kidneys
64
What is the general term for inflammation of the skin?
Dermatitis
65
What is the average temperature of a horse?
100-101.5
66
What has been cut if bright red blood escapes the wound in spurts?
An artery
67
What is the strongest wooden material that is commonly used to build stalls?
Rough swan oak
68
How much water will a 1000lb horse typically drink in a day?
10 gallons
69
Seeing separate pictures with each eye is called what type of vision?
Monocular
70
How long does it take for a foals immune system to become functional and able to produce antibodies?
2-4 months
71
The ankle of the horse is also called what?
The fetlock
72
What is the most common medical emergency in horses?
colic
73
What is a nutrient?
Any feed constitution that is necessary for the support of life
74
What term describes a horse whose hocks are turned inward?
Cow hocked
75
What percentage of crude protein is contained in clover hay?
12%
76
Name four factors that influence nutritional requirements of the horse?
age, size, environment, type of use, and individual characteristics, grazing management
77
What organism produces mycotoxins
Molds
78
What is the most common type of internal parasite in the horse?
Strongyles
79
What are the four compartments of the hind gut?
cecum, rectum, large colon, small colon
80
What type of bedding is preferred for use in a foaling stall?
straw
81
At what age do the permanent corner incisors erupt?
4 1/2 yrs
82
Name four ways to age a horse by its teeth?
Occurrence of permanent teeth, disappearance of cups, angle of incidence, shape of surface of permanent teeth, Galvayne's Groove
83
What is the elastic portion of the coronary band?
Coronary Cushion
84
What does "full mouth" mean?
When a horse reaches 5yrs of age and has all permanent incisors in place
85
What does the term hippophile describe?
A horse lover
86
What is the four-beat gait of the American Saddlebred Horse that is similar to but slower than the rack?
the slow gait
87
What term describes when the rail or top element of a jump is dislodged by a horse in an over-fences competition?
Knockdown, fault, rail down
88
Two horses simultaneously scratching each other on the neck and over the withers and back would be an example of which behavior category?
Epimeletic behavior
89
Which vitamin is known as the "sunshine vitamin"
Vitamin D
90
What term refers to a horse that has too much slope to its pastern?
Coonfooted
91
All of the lower teeth are located in which bone?
Mandible
92
What term refers to the type of striding leg interference where the hind foot on one side strikes the diagonal forefoot?
Cross-firing
93
What is the country of origin for the Connemara Pony?
Ireland
94
What is the base coat color of a blue roan?
Black, brown, or liver chestnut
95
Identify the three classifications of muscles?
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
96
What term describes the slope of the land when completing an "environmental analysis" of the site for a new horse facility?
Topography
97
What term refers to the practice of altering the teeth of an older horse in an attempt to make it sell as a younger horse?
Bishoping
98
Which parasite causes summer sores?
Stomach worms
99
What is the main symptom of a horse that has grazed red clover that is affected wight he mold commonly known as "black patch?"
Excess salivation or slobbering
100
Identify two types of hitches used to secure a load on a pack saddle.
Single, double, triple or half diamond; Squaw or Arizona
101
What are three criteria used to evaluate stallion semen?
Volume, concentration, motility, and morphology
102
What horse is the foundation sire of the Morgan breed?
Figure or Justin Morgan
103
In general, foals weaned at 4 months should be fed a diet containing what percent protein?
16% percent protein
104
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects which organ?
Liver
105
What is the purpose of an antipyretic medication?
Fever-reducing medication
106
Which current breed of horse was formerly known as The American Trotting Horse?
Standardbred
107
At what age do the permanent 3rd or corner incisors erupt?
4 1/2 years
108
White markings covering the area from the coronet band to the area below the fetlock would be called what?
Pastern
109
When the lower jaw is shorter then the upper jaw and the incisors don't align, this is an indication of what unsoundness?
Parrot mouth
110
What feed additive is commonly used to reduce dust and increase palatability of a feed?
Molasses
111
A horses body fat can be estimated using what method of evaluation?
Body condition scoring
112
What structure of the hoof am I? I am arched in shape, I provide some weight support, I flatten slightly to help absorb concussion, but my primary function is protection.
The sole of the hoof
113
What two things are found in the sensitive laminae of the hoof that cause it to be called sensitive?
Nerves and blood vessels
114
Name four different types of grass forage?
Bermuda, Rye, Timothy, Orchard
115
What category of muscle is found in all of the following systems- Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, integument, and urogenital?
Smooth muscle
116
Thrush is a black, strong smelling infection of the hoof that causes destruction of the frog. Is it caused y aerobic or anaerobic bacteria?
Anaerobic bacteria
117
What is the name for the conformational defect described as the cannon bone being set to far to the outside of the knee?
Bench or offset knee
118
When considering vision, where are the horses two blind spots?
Directly to the rear, behind its hindquarters, directly below the head, or directly in front
119
What is the name of the competitive equine sport that is one of the Olympic competition events and is derived from the French word for training?
Dressage
120
What disease is caused by a spore forming, toxin producing bacterium found commonly in the soil named Clostridium tetani?
Tetanus or Lockjaw
121
What is the term for the type of vision where the horse sees different images with each eye?
Monocular vision
122
Which portion of the top line is most important in helping hold the saddle on without the need to excessively tighten the cinch?
Withers
123
What is the most critical conformational factor in the balance of the horse?
Slope of the shoulder
124
What is the most common cause of corns?
Leaving a short heeled shoe on too long
125
What breed of horse is best described as a horse with a small build, long arching neck, high tail carriage, chiseled head, and a dished face?
The Arabian
126
Identify the horse color from the description- body color yellowish or gold; mane and tail black; usually black on the lower legs, and usually no dorsal stripe.
Buckskin
127
What is the absolute minimum stall size recommended by the AYHC for a horse?
10 by 10ft
128
At what age should foals be introduced to concentrates?
1-2months or as early as the foal shows interest
129
What do weighted shoes do to a horse's action?
Enhance leg action by changing the timing of and adding momentum to hoof flight patterns.
130
The coronary cushion is the elastic portion of what structure of the hoof?
Coronary band
131
In the conformational defect bench knee or offset knee, what bone is set too far to the outside of the knee?
Cannon bone, 3rd metatarsal
132
What tool is used to level the bearing surface of the hoof after it has been trimmed by the nippers?
Rasp
133
What breed of horse is described as having contributed to almost every major American horse breed and is the oldest of the American breeds: Unlike most breeds this breed traces its foundation to a single stallion named Figure and is the only breed named after a horse.
Morgan
134
What are two advantages of using bedding for your horse that is more absorbent?
You use less bedding and have to replace it less
135
What hoof disease is commonly a result of owner neglect and dirty wet living conditions for the horse?
Thrush
136
An egg bar horseshoe is used to provide additional support to what part of the hoof?
Rear portion or heels
137
What group of parasites are the most significant and common of all of the equine's parasites?
Strongyles
138
Identify the horse color from the following description- body color yellowish or gold; mane and tail may be black, brown, red, yellow, white or mixed; usually has a dorsal stripe, zebra stripes on legs and transverse stripe over the withers.
Dun
139
What is the primary means through which internal parasites are spread?
Manure
140
An abscess of the hoof can cause intense pain and lameness. Other than protecting the area and antibiotics, what is the most important thing to do to encourage resolution of this infection?
Drainage of abscess
141
From a genetic standpoint, what are the three basic colors of the horse?
Black, bay, and chestnut
142
What is the proper term for the procedure to visualize, examine and count chromosomes under the microscope?
Karyotyping
143
Name one type of insurance that covers breeding mare infertility?
Barrenness insurance, prospective foal insurance and live foal insurance
144
What is the vector for the equine disease caused by the bacteria Borrelia buurgdorferi, also known as Lymes disease?
Ticks
145
What fat soluble vitamin is considered necessary for growth and developmental of a strong hoof wall?
Vitamin A
146
There are numerous disadvantages to using straw as a bedding, but what is the major safety issue with straw?
It is highly combustible- fire hazard
147
Name the type of shoe that is used to elevate the heels of a horse that is confined to stall rest?
Pattern shoe
148
In natural conditions, horses demonstrate few vices. What is it about stalls an stabling that promotes the development of these vices?
Boredom
149
If a pair of alleles are not identical, what should that individual be considered with respect to those genes?
Heterozygous
150
What classification of shoeing would be used to describe the application of a horseshoe to support or protect a weak portion of the hoof to help prevent pain?
Therapeutic shoeing
151
What is the reason for putting a 6inch wide board at the top of a wire fence?
To allow the horse to see the fence better; to prevent damage to the horse and the fence; to prevent leaning over the fence
152
The Kimberwicke bit is considered a leverage bit. How is it different from a typical leverage bit like a curb bit?
The Kimberwicke does not have shanks. It also uses slots on top of the rings for attachment of a curb chain to provide leverage
153
What term is used to describe the process of desensitization of the foal to the farrier and the routine handling and examination of the feet?
Imprint training
154
Name two areas to which a non-leverage bit like the snaffle applies pressure.
Corners of the mouth; tongue; bars; roof of the mouth
155
What are the two most effective stimuli that can be used in horse training?
Hearing- voice commands, touch- pressure-bit, leg seat
156
Considering the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, where do feeds being processed by the horse spend the least period of time?
Stomach (15mins)
157
At what age do the permanent 3rd or corner incisors erupt?
4 1/2 yrs
158
Night eyes are a common name for what structure on the horse?
Chestnuts
159
White markings covering the area from the coronet band to the area below the fetlock would be called what?
Pastern
160
What type of leg interference can brushing and striking be classified as ?
Supporting
161
Osselets is the term for an inflammation of the periosteum on the anterior surface of what joint?
Fetlock
162
The sole of the hoof is flatter on which pair of feet- front or rear?
Front
163
Are most poisonous plants "more" or "less" toxic as the plant matures?
Less toxic
164
What feed additive is commonly used to reduce dust and increase palatability of a feed?
Molasses
165
What category of muscle is found in all of the following systems- Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, integument, and urogenital?
Smooth muscle
166
Standing in urine and wet manure will cause a breakdown of the waxy-like waterproof covering of the hoof. What is the proper name for this covering?
Periople
167
What is the proper name for the joint located between the femur and the tibia?
Stifle
168
Parrot mouth or overshot jaw is a conformation defect involving what bone?
Mandible
169
How did the land bridges which formed during the Ice Age affect the history of Equus?
They allowed Equus to migrate from North America throughout the rest of the world
170
What is the common name of the bacterial disease of younger horses that affects the salivary glands and lymph nodes in the submandibular and retropharyngeal area?
Strangles, equine distemper, shipping fever
171
What two things are found in the sensitive laminae of the hoof that cause it to be called sensitive?
Nerves and blood vessels
172
From proximal to distal name three joints of the horses legs that are common to all four legs.
Fetlock, pastern, and coffin
173
Horses are at great risk for plant poisoning under what environmental condition?
When pastures are overgrazed and noxious weeds are able to proliferate, often due to poor pasture management or drought
174
What structure of the hoof am I? I am arched in shape, I provide some weight support, I flatten slightly to help absorb concussion, but my primary function is protection.
The sole of the hoof
175
How many pounds of manure does a 1000lb horse produce per day?
45-50lbs
176
When considering vision, where are the horse's two blind spots?
Directly to the rear, behind its hindquarters
| Directly below the head, or directly in front
177
There are four types of hock Spavin. Name them.
Blind/Occult, Blood Spavin, Bog Spavin, and Bone/True/Jack Spavin
178
What breed is being described- this draft breed is a descendant of the medieval charger breed,its color is all shades of chestnut, and it originated in Suffolk County, England.
Suffolk Punch
179
Throughpin is a soft, fluid-filled enlargement of the outside of the joint that can be pushed feely from the outside to the inside surface of the joint by palpation. What joint is it found in?
The hock
180
In case of an emergency what two pieces of equipment should be outside every horse's stall?
Halter and lead
181
Orphan foals have a very high dietary energy requirement and should be fed how often during the first 1-2 weeks of life?
Every 2-4 hrs
182
Name four different types of grass forage.
Bermuda, Orchard, Rye, Timothy
183
What color hair mixes with white hairs in a strawberry roan?
Chestnut
184
Thrush is a black, strong smelling infection of the hoof that causes destruction of the frog. Is it caused by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria?
Anaerobic bacteria
185
A horse's body fat can be estimated using what method of evaluation?
Body scoring
186
When driving a horseshoe nail, the nail is started with the flat of the oriented in what direction?
The flat side is oriented to the outside
187
How old would a horse be with all adult teeth present and Galvayne's groove beginning to show at the gum margin of the upper corner incisor?
10yrs of age
188
In what part of the horses digestive tract does the majority of sound-generating digestive action occur?
Cecum
189
What is the common term to describe a swelling of the subcutaneous bursa over the calcaneal tuber that is part of the calcaneous bone of the hock?
Capped hock
190
Based on cost per unit of energy, and comparing corn and oats, which is cheaper?
Corn
191
In what joint is the most common lameness found in the Standardbred used for harness racing?
Hock
192
What chamber of the heart is primary pumping chamber for moving oxygenated blood to the body?
Left Ventricle
193
Located beneath the ear, what is the largest of the horse's three salivary glands?
Parotid salivary gland
194
Epiphora is the result of a blocked nasolacrimal duct and results in the overflow of what fluid?
Tears
195
What hoof disease is commonly a result of owner neglect and dirty wet living conditions for the horse?
Thrush
196
What is the proper name of the most dangerous of the three large strongyles?
Strongylus vulgaris
197
What type of gene action is demonstrated when a trait of a horse is the result of the additive effect of many genes?
Quantitative
198
Endocarditis is an inflammation or infection of the lining of what organ?
The heart
199
Lactating mares have an increased need for water due to the loss of water from what?
Milk production
200
Your horse spooks unexpectedly, looking quickly to the side, but you see nothing that could have caused this. Why might you suspect your horse was frightened by a noise even though you did not hear anything?
Horses can hear sounds about the frequency range of human hearing
201
What type of hammer would you use to shape and make shoes on the anvil?
Rounding or turning hammer
202
What hormone in the horse helps control glucose levels by decreasing them and in what organ is it produced?
Insulin, pancreas
203
The Paso Fino performs a unique four-beat lateral gait that is essentially a broken pace that can be performed at three different speeds. What are the proper names for these three gaits?
Paso largo, Paso corto, Paso fino
204
Other than dust and mold, what ventilation problem does storing hay above stalls create?
Retention of heat and moisture
205
Name the breed that includes the following famous names in its history- Messenger, Greyhound, Hambletonian, Dan Patch, and Niatross.
Standardbred
206
What Western saddle is being described? Straight leg position, deep seat, tall horn, high cantle, rounded flap and lightweight.
Barrel Racing Saddle
207
The term ergot has two distinct meanings. What are they?
Ergot is a fungus found on cereal grain plants that is toxic to horses and a small horny growth at the base of the fetlock
208
No deworming schedule fits all horses. Most veterinarians recommend deworming four times a year. List four factors that would influence your deworming program.
Season, Fecal sample evaluation, Travel of horses out of facility, Parasite infection history, humidity, climate, rainfall, concentration of horses, age
209
Name one of the eight states in the US that has excessively selenium-rich soils due to native plants?
California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
210
A tumor of pigment forming cells called a melanoma is most common in which color horse?
Gray
211
Sickle hock is a conformational defect that places heavy strain on the long plantar ligament of the hock and predisposes the horse to what joint problem?
Curb
212
When determining the size of seat in an English, you measure the distance from the saddle nail to the mid-point of the what?
Cantle
213
If desiring to feel a horse's pulse by feeling blood flow on the edge of the mandible, you feel the what?
Facial artery
214
What organ is supplied material from the portal vein and the hepatic artery?
Liver
215
Windpuffs are swellings of which joint capsule?
Fetlock
216
Which part of the mare's reproductive tract produce follicles?
Ovaries
217
The energy requirement for a mare in lactation is more, less, or equal to a pregnant mare?
More
218
What term refers to the area of the hind leg between the stifle and hock joint?
Gaskin
219
If a stallion in homozygous dominant for a trait and a mare is homozygous recessive what will be the genetic makeup for this trait in all the foals?
Heterozygous
220
The hormone produced by the adrenal gland that speeds up the heart rate?
Adrenalin
221
During the normal delivery of a foal, which part of the foal's body is first seen?
Front legs and head
222
Fetal development is greatest in what trimester?
Third trimester
223
Alveoli, tidal volume and minute volume are terms associated with what body system?
Respiratory
224
What is the administrative body for Thoroughbred racing?
Jockey Club
225
Apocrine tubular glands secrete what substance?
sweat
226
What is the term that describes movement that lengthens the stride of a horse?
Extension
227
Black Hand No. I, the result of mating an Appaloosa mare and Shetland pony stallion is this breeds foundation sire?
Pony of Americas
228
Alfalfa, clover, and lespedeza are what type of forage?
Legume
229
An injury of the foot caused by a nail driven through the hoof into the sensitive tissue.
Quick
230
The term pes is latin for what?
foot
231
the horse has how many pairs of ribs?
18, occasionally 19
232
A nutritional toxicity occurs when the amount of the nutrient is at what level?
Above the requirement
233
Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries what element to cells?
Oxygen
234
An abnormal bony growth, usually occurring on the inside of the cannon of the front leg?
Splint
235
Myositis is inflammation of what?
Muscle
236
Name the genetic condition that is identified by the letter HYPP?
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
237
Bodies within the cell nucleus that are composed of DNA and carry genetic information?
Chromosomes
238
The fraction of genes of a foal that came from its sire is?
50%
239
A short estrus period following foaling is called what?
foal heat
240
What is the name of a wheel with blunt points on a western spur?
Rowels
241
What is the offspring produced by stallion and a female donkey known as?
Hinny
242
Calcium is an example of what type of nutrient?
Mineral
243
The part of blood responsible for clotting?
Platelets
244
What vitamin can carotene be converted into?
Vitamin A
245
What is colostrum?
First milk in mare following foaling, high in antibodies
246
A large-bodied black insect that lay eggs on the hair of the legs shoulders and jaw.
Bot fly
247
What is atrophy of the shoulder muscle as a result of strain or trauma induced paralysis of the supra scapular nerve called?
Sweeney
248
How many ovaries does a mare normally have?
Two
249
What is the name of the oil obtained by boiling the feet and shinbones of cattle that is used for dressing leather?
Neatsfoot oil
250
Structures that attach muscle to bones are termed?
Tendons
251
Refers to a horse that is black with white spots?
Piebald
252
Thiamin, biotin and riboflavin are examples of what specific group of vitamins?
B vitamins
253
Of the following gaits, which is the fastest: running walk, slow gait, or the rack?
Rack
254
Encephalitis is a condition which describes inflammation of what organ?
Brain
255
In reining, what is the twining term used for a 180 degree reversal of forward motion?
Roll back
256
The open area directly under the seat of a saddle is called?
Gullet
257
What production class of horses are the biggest risk of problems caused by fescue toxicosis?
Broodmares
258
What part of the digestive tract does the contents of the stomach empty into?
small intestine
259
How many days does a mare usually stay in heat on one cycle?
5-7 days
260
The mandible and maxilla bones are part of the?
skull
261
The airway from the nasal passages to the lungs, also called the windpipe?
trachea
262
A hand measurement is equal to how many inches?
4 inches
263
A small piece of equipment that goes around the base of a horse's tail and attaches to a packsaddle is termed?
Croupier
264
This disease is caused by myxoviruses. Symptoms include high temperature, depressed appetite and nasal discharge.
influenza
265
Thickening caused by inflammation of the superficial digital flexor tendon is commonly called what?
Bowed tendon
266
What is the name of a noseband on English bridles?
Cavesson
267
Which permanent incisors first appear, the front centers, the intermediate pair, or the lateral incisors?
Front centers
268
The inability of a horse to sweat is?
Anhydrosis
269
Another name for parasitic roundworms?
Strongyles
270
What tube-shaped part of the digestive tract connects the mouth with the horse's stomach?
esophagus
271
How many incisors do mature horses have in their lower jaw?
6
272
What is the name for providing additional nutrients to a nursing foal?
creep feeding
273
What is the name for a pole on the ground set at the base of a jump that allows a horse to see and gauge the distance better?
ground line or ground pole
274
Where would you find the soft palate on a horse?
upper surface of the mouth
275
Do horses require more calcium, phosphorus, or zinc per day?
Calcium
276
The part of a western saddle that runs down from the skirt to the stirrup is?
Fender
277
In team roping, what is the name of the partner who ropes the legs together?
heeler
278
How many rows of carpal bones are there?
two
279
Straps or ropes that are used on the legs to restrict movement are called?
hobbles
280
This breeds name is derived from Palouse River country of northwestern US?
Appaloosa
281
A habit of some horses of eating their grain without adequate chewing causes this vice?
bolting
282
Anhydrosis is a rare problem condition of some horses. Horses with this condition are unable to ?
sweat
283
A snip is a white color marking located on the?
nose
284
McClennan, Decker, Sawbuck, and Crossbuck are names of what types of saddles.
Pack saddles
285
The nuchal ligament runs along the top of which area of the horse?
Neck
286
The recognized universal birth date of horses used by US breed associations is?
January 1st
287
Old Sorrel, Peter McCue, Steeldust and Wimpy P-1 are foundation sires of this breed.
American Quarter Horse
288
Proteins are made up of what compounds of which lysine is an example?
amino acids
289
A western version of the standing martingale that attaches to a bosal or noseband is termed?
Tie-down
290
A farriers tool used to remove the surplus grown of the hoof wall?
Hoof nippers
291
The walk has how many beats to its stride?
four
292
It is rare that a horse is poisoned by a single mouthful of a toxic plant. Name one of the two plants that are considered to be the exception to this rule?
Water hemlock or yew
293
Appaloosas are most commonly associated with what type of visual impairment?
Equine Night Blindness
294
How much milk can an average-sized mare produce daily?
9-11quarts
295
What is the name of the vent where the horse and rider separate one cow from the others and block its efforts to return to the herd?
Cutting
296
The mare was not vaccinated before she foaled. What vaccine should the foal receive at birth?
Tetanus antitoxin( will accept tetanus)
297
Grass should be harvested no later than what stage of growth to get the highest quality hay?
Boot stage
298
There are many difference types of horse shoe nails including city, regular and countersunk. Which of these nails are most often used for handmade shoes and foreign-made shoes?
Countersunk
299
What is the term used for any mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty of the horse but does not affect its serviceability?
Blemish
300
What is the infection of the frog area of the foot caused by anaerobic microorganisms and has a foul, blackish discharge?
Thrush
301
How many joints are in the foreleg of the horse?
Six
302
What is the process in which a hot, heavily exercised horse is made to move around quietly until the horse is neither hot to touch nor breathing hard?
Cooling Out
303
What is the term for the habit of biting or setting teeth against the fence or some other object while sucking air?
Cribbing (also accept Windsucking)
304
What is a neonate?
A newborn foal
305
What is the infection affecting the hair follicles and skin on the heel and back of the pastern?
Grease heels (scratches, mud fever)
306
What is the term for an undesirable or useless behavior that becomes a persistent, repetitive bad habit?
A vice
307
Linden Tree, Leopard, and Max are foundation sires for this breed of horse which, because of its color, is often mistaken for an Appaloosa. Identify this breed.
Rangerbred Horse
308
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal column?
Thoracic-18
| Lumbar- 6
309
For the purpose of mare management, the mares are classified into five categories. Name those categories.
Pregnant; open; barren; maiden; wet
310
Why is it advised to treat a newborn foal's naval stump in an iodine solution?
Prevent infection
311
What is the only draft breed recognized as a breed that originated in the United States?
The American Cream Draft Horse
312
What is the highest point of the horse's shoulders between the neck and back?
Withers
313
What is the outside opening of a mare's reproductive tract?
Vulva
314
An Anglo-Arabian is a horse with a pedigree that shows no other strain of blood other than Arabian and what other breed?
Thoroughbred
315
What is the name for the rodeo event in which the team is heading and healing?
Team roping
316
You are building a horse barn, what is the suggested minimum height for the ceiling in the stalls?
8ft high
317
What is the common term for the selling of a horse's lower leg with edema and is usually corrected by mild exercise?
Stocked up
318
What is the main function of the large colon?
Water absorption
319
Name six of the joints of the hind lim of the horse?
Sacroiliac, hip, stifle, hock, fetlock, pastern, coffin
320
What rare genetic disease results in foal death due to infection and the characteristic appearance of foals with missing patches of hair or skin at birth?
Eptheliogenesis Imperfecta
321
What does the term epistaxis describe?
Nosebleed
322
What is the most common group of toxins that result in feed related poisoning?
Mycotoxins
323
During strenuous exercise, lactic acid is a waste product that results in muscle fatigue. What specific type of glucose metabolism or glycolysis results in the production of lactic acid?
Anaerobic
324
In regards to the anatomy, identify one of the two reasons why the small intestine is more susceptible to displacement, telescoping or twisting.
The length and the attachment to the abdominal wall
325
Are male or female horses primarily affected by genetic diseases that have an X-linked mode of inheritance?
Male horses
326
A dramatic increase in the amount of concentrates in the diet should occur gradually over what period of time?
10-14 days
327
What type of reins are fastened to the girth and then passed through the rings of the snaffle bit and to the riders hands?
Draw reins
328
Use of an artificial lighting program to induce early estrous cycling and ovulation should include 16hrs of light each day and begin how long before the desired breeding season?
2-3 months
329
What is the benefit of adding sodium zeolite to the diet of foals and yearlings that will be trained and raced at a young age?
Decreased risk of exertional induced injury
330
Identify one of the physiological functions of the turbinate bones in the nasal cavity?
Warm inspired air and moisten the air with water vapor
331
What is the base coat color of a horse that is a red silver?
Bay
332
The foal receives initial immune protection from the mare. How long does it take for a foal's own immune system to become functional and provide adequate protection from infectious diseases?
2-4months
333
Identify two reasons why a horse may react to sounds that a human is unable to hear.
Horses can hear sounds in hearing frequencies humans are unable to detect and horse have the ability to move their ears.
334
What is the common name for the Anaplocephala species of flat worms that affect horses?
Tapeworms
335
What is the primary vector for the West Nile virus and what is considered to be the reservoir host for the virus?
Mosquito(vector) and birds(reservoir host)
336
The suffix "it is" indicates inflammation of an oran or anatomic structure. Inflammation of what organ or structure is described by the following five terms?
Nephritis, Hepatitis, Gastritis, Desmitis, and Phlebitis.
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A) Nephritis-inflammation of the kidney
Hepatitis- inflammation of the liver
Gastritis- inflammation of the stomach
Desmitis- inflammation of a ligament
Phlebitis- inflammation of a vein
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