Competition Questions Flashcards
Which breed has had the most influence in the development of light horse breeds in America?
Thoroughbred
What is the primary difference between a horse with a roan coat and a horse with a grey coat?
A roan horse’s coat does not change over time; gray will become lighter over time
What term refers to a mature female horse that has never been bred?
Maiden mare
What is the common term for Equine Periodic Opthalmia?
Moon Blindness
Sun cured hay is a good source of what vitamin?
Vitamin D
What type of bit is considered to be the most severe western curb bit?
Spade bit
What is the slang term for the medication phenylbutazone?
Bute
What is the purpose of adding stickers or “mud calks” to the heel of a racing plate?
To increase traction on a muddy race track
What is the recommendation for the minimum height for a perimeter fence and the minimum height for a fence used to divide pastures?
5ft for the perimeter and 4 1/2 feet for the dividing
What is the common term for the ossification of the lateral cartilages of the distal phalanx?
Sidebones
Identify four advantages of having a “Dutch” or open top exterior door for each horse stall?
Improves stable ventilation, more light, permits horse to put head our into fresh air, decreases respiratory diseases, help alleviate boredom/stable vices, provides a fire exit
What is the common term for the external parasite Stomoxys calcitrans?
Stable fly
In a ranch operation, what is the purpose of a boundary rider?
To ride the fences of the property and repair any problem
What is the name of the winged horse of Greek mythology?
Pegasus
Giving the horse more selenium, vitamin E and reducing grain intake on days the horse is idle are nutritional preventatives for what metabolic disorder in horses?
Tying up syndrome
What is the common term for the 1st premolar teeth?
Wolf teeth
In addition to a hoof pick, what are the three basic tools used by a farrier when trimming the feet?
Rasp, Knife, Nippers
Poisonous plants that are classified as hepatotoxic primarily affect which organ?
Liver
You are the veterinarian treating a horse with West Nile Encehalitis. The horses owner is concerned and wants to know why you are not treating the horse with an antibiotic. Explain why..
West Nile is caused by a virus and antibiotics are used to treat bacteria diseases
What type of internal parasites causes “summer sores”?
Stomach worm
What term refers to a wild Australian horse?
Brumby
You are judging a cutting horse competition. It is important to remember when calculating the final scores that each entry begins with what score?
70
At what age do horses normally shed their deciduous first cheek teeth?
2-2 1/2 years
In regards to horse training, stimuli can be divided into what two categories?
Condition and unconditioned stimuli
What is the clinical name for the condition known as roaring?
Larynegeal Hemiplagia
What two conformation factors determine how collected, balanced, and horizontal in movement the horse is?
Croup angle and hock position
What is another name for the fetlock?
Ankle
Define the term “cue” as it pertains to horses.
A signal given by the rider
How does a horse develop the habit of stall walking?
When confined to stalls for long periods of time
Describe and give the purpose for using concave shoes.
They have fullering all the way around the shoe; the fullering fills with dirt, which increases traction
A normal foal weights what percentage of the mare’s body weight?
9-10%
What is a breed roll used for?
To protect the maiden mare form excess penetration of the stallion.
Name at least on exclusion in Full Mortality insurance policies.
Death caused by neglect, caused by malicious or willful injuries,occurring when a horse is used for something other than its declared purpose, caused by the inoculation of a drug not administered under the care/direction of a vet
What is the name of the bacteria that causes strangles in horses?
Strepococcus equi
In relation to fueling exercise, what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Name four factor that influence a horse’s nutritional requirements.
size, age, environment, type of work, individual characteristics
Where are wolf teeth located?
They are the small rudimentary teeth in front of the first cheek teeth
Do thyroid hormone levels decrease or increase with excess protein in the diet?
Decrease
Name three general cause sod developmental orthopedic disease.
Genetics, excess dietary energy intake, mare obesity
In addition to the piloerection of the hair, what is a horses primary means of temperature regulation?
Evaporation of sweat
In horses, as well as other mammals, light rays enter the lens of the eye and are focused on what?
Retina
In minles per hour, how fast is the Tennessee Walker’s flat foot walk and running walk?
Flat foot is 5-7mph and running walk is 10mph
What is a dry lot?
A paddock or exercise area totally devoid of vegetation or edible plants
What is the term used for a localized collection of pus in the tissues of the body, often accompanied by swelling and inflammation?
Abscess
What is the term for a small patch of white hair located between a horse’s eyes?
Star
What is sweet feed?
A grain mix that contains molasses
A horse that resist being ridded away from the barn is considered to be what?
Barn-sour
What is the result of breeding a mare to a jack?
Mule
Be specific. A red dorsal stripe appears with which coat color?
Red dun, Claybank dun, or apricot dun
What is the term for a condition of increased sensitivity to a specific protein, which may result in hives, rashes, sneezing or respiratory difficulties?
Allergy
What is the term for the distance between successive imprints of the same foot?
stride
What is the term for a horse that is wild or existing in a natural, non-domesticated state?
Feral
What is the general term for the substance emitted by a stallion during the breeding of a mare?
Seminal fluid or semen
Name three areas in the horse’s body where the majority of internal parasites are found?
Alimentary tract, lungs, blood stream, arteries, lining of intestines
For what purpose was man’s earliest use of the horse?
Food or transportation
When used in regard to horses, this term indicated dominance hierarchy or order of dominance.
Pecking Order
Where on the horse do “bot eggs” hatch?
In the horses mouth
Name three different vocal sounds or voice communications made by the horse?
Neigh, whinny, nicker, squeal, snort
What are the three natural gait of a horse?
walk, trot, gallop
What is the term for the type of shoeing job when the farrier uses the same set of shoes for a second time?
Re-set or re-shod
In reference to hay, what part of the plant is the least digestible for a horse?
The stems
Name three stimuli that trigger the response of shivering.
cold, fear, excitement
If a horse experiences “renal failure” what part of the body is not functioning properly?
Kidneys
What is the general term for inflammation of the skin?
Dermatitis
What is the average temperature of a horse?
100-101.5
What has been cut if bright red blood escapes the wound in spurts?
An artery
What is the strongest wooden material that is commonly used to build stalls?
Rough swan oak
How much water will a 1000lb horse typically drink in a day?
10 gallons
Seeing separate pictures with each eye is called what type of vision?
Monocular
How long does it take for a foals immune system to become functional and able to produce antibodies?
2-4 months
The ankle of the horse is also called what?
The fetlock
What is the most common medical emergency in horses?
colic
What is a nutrient?
Any feed constitution that is necessary for the support of life
What term describes a horse whose hocks are turned inward?
Cow hocked
What percentage of crude protein is contained in clover hay?
12%
Name four factors that influence nutritional requirements of the horse?
age, size, environment, type of use, and individual characteristics, grazing management
What organism produces mycotoxins
Molds
What is the most common type of internal parasite in the horse?
Strongyles
What are the four compartments of the hind gut?
cecum, rectum, large colon, small colon
What type of bedding is preferred for use in a foaling stall?
straw
At what age do the permanent corner incisors erupt?
4 1/2 yrs
Name four ways to age a horse by its teeth?
Occurrence of permanent teeth, disappearance of cups, angle of incidence, shape of surface of permanent teeth, Galvayne’s Groove
What is the elastic portion of the coronary band?
Coronary Cushion
What does “full mouth” mean?
When a horse reaches 5yrs of age and has all permanent incisors in place
What does the term hippophile describe?
A horse lover
What is the four-beat gait of the American Saddlebred Horse that is similar to but slower than the rack?
the slow gait
What term describes when the rail or top element of a jump is dislodged by a horse in an over-fences competition?
Knockdown, fault, rail down
Two horses simultaneously scratching each other on the neck and over the withers and back would be an example of which behavior category?
Epimeletic behavior
Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin”
Vitamin D
What term refers to a horse that has too much slope to its pastern?
Coonfooted
All of the lower teeth are located in which bone?
Mandible
What term refers to the type of striding leg interference where the hind foot on one side strikes the diagonal forefoot?
Cross-firing
What is the country of origin for the Connemara Pony?
Ireland
What is the base coat color of a blue roan?
Black, brown, or liver chestnut
Identify the three classifications of muscles?
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
What term describes the slope of the land when completing an “environmental analysis” of the site for a new horse facility?
Topography
What term refers to the practice of altering the teeth of an older horse in an attempt to make it sell as a younger horse?
Bishoping
Which parasite causes summer sores?
Stomach worms
What is the main symptom of a horse that has grazed red clover that is affected wight he mold commonly known as “black patch?”
Excess salivation or slobbering
Identify two types of hitches used to secure a load on a pack saddle.
Single, double, triple or half diamond; Squaw or Arizona
What are three criteria used to evaluate stallion semen?
Volume, concentration, motility, and morphology
What horse is the foundation sire of the Morgan breed?
Figure or Justin Morgan
In general, foals weaned at 4 months should be fed a diet containing what percent protein?
16% percent protein
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects which organ?
Liver
What is the purpose of an antipyretic medication?
Fever-reducing medication
Which current breed of horse was formerly known as The American Trotting Horse?
Standardbred
At what age do the permanent 3rd or corner incisors erupt?
4 1/2 years
White markings covering the area from the coronet band to the area below the fetlock would be called what?
Pastern
When the lower jaw is shorter then the upper jaw and the incisors don’t align, this is an indication of what unsoundness?
Parrot mouth
What feed additive is commonly used to reduce dust and increase palatability of a feed?
Molasses
A horses body fat can be estimated using what method of evaluation?
Body condition scoring
What structure of the hoof am I? I am arched in shape, I provide some weight support, I flatten slightly to help absorb concussion, but my primary function is protection.
The sole of the hoof
What two things are found in the sensitive laminae of the hoof that cause it to be called sensitive?
Nerves and blood vessels
Name four different types of grass forage?
Bermuda, Rye, Timothy, Orchard
What category of muscle is found in all of the following systems- Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, integument, and urogenital?
Smooth muscle
Thrush is a black, strong smelling infection of the hoof that causes destruction of the frog. Is it caused y aerobic or anaerobic bacteria?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is the name for the conformational defect described as the cannon bone being set to far to the outside of the knee?
Bench or offset knee
When considering vision, where are the horses two blind spots?
Directly to the rear, behind its hindquarters, directly below the head, or directly in front
What is the name of the competitive equine sport that is one of the Olympic competition events and is derived from the French word for training?
Dressage
What disease is caused by a spore forming, toxin producing bacterium found commonly in the soil named Clostridium tetani?
Tetanus or Lockjaw
What is the term for the type of vision where the horse sees different images with each eye?
Monocular vision
Which portion of the top line is most important in helping hold the saddle on without the need to excessively tighten the cinch?
Withers
What is the most critical conformational factor in the balance of the horse?
Slope of the shoulder
What is the most common cause of corns?
Leaving a short heeled shoe on too long
What breed of horse is best described as a horse with a small build, long arching neck, high tail carriage, chiseled head, and a dished face?
The Arabian
Identify the horse color from the description- body color yellowish or gold; mane and tail black; usually black on the lower legs, and usually no dorsal stripe.
Buckskin
What is the absolute minimum stall size recommended by the AYHC for a horse?
10 by 10ft
At what age should foals be introduced to concentrates?
1-2months or as early as the foal shows interest
What do weighted shoes do to a horse’s action?
Enhance leg action by changing the timing of and adding momentum to hoof flight patterns.
The coronary cushion is the elastic portion of what structure of the hoof?
Coronary band
In the conformational defect bench knee or offset knee, what bone is set too far to the outside of the knee?
Cannon bone, 3rd metatarsal
What tool is used to level the bearing surface of the hoof after it has been trimmed by the nippers?
Rasp
What breed of horse is described as having contributed to almost every major American horse breed and is the oldest of the American breeds: Unlike most breeds this breed traces its foundation to a single stallion named Figure and is the only breed named after a horse.
Morgan
What are two advantages of using bedding for your horse that is more absorbent?
You use less bedding and have to replace it less