New Questions Flashcards
What is the easiest method to monitor whether a horse’s energy needs are being met by its feed?
Monitor weights on a regular basis
Name four fat soluble vitamins.
A,D,E,K
What two factors influence hoof size?
Heredity and nutrition
List five sensitive structures of the foot.
1) Perioplic ring 2) Coronary band 3) Terminal papillae of sensitive laminae 4) Sensitive frog 5) Sensitive sole
List five parts of hoof structure
1) Periople 2) Hoof wall 3) White line 4) Frog 5) Sole
Which part of the hoof is higher in zinc than other hoof parts?
Wall
Which part of the hoof is lower in zinc than other hoof parts?
Frog
The frog is significantly higher in what three minerals than other hoof parts?
Potassium, magnesium, and calcium
Which vitamin is necessary for the growth and development of normal hooves?
Vitamin A
How can you prevent a deficiency in Vitamin A?
Feeding of green feed
What are the small vessels that exchange nutrients from the blood within the tissues?
Capillaries
What are the shunts, or alternative pathways, that exist between the arteries and the veins, bypassing the capillaries called?
Arterio Venous Anasotomes or AVA’s
Do hooves grow faster in a cold temperature or in a warm temperature?
Warm
What is the average hoof growth rate?
3/8” per month
Define balance, as it applies to horse shoeing.
Equal weight distribution around the center of gravity of the horse’s limb
What are considerations of conformation or stance?
Geometric or static balance
What are considerations of movement or gait?
functional or dynamic balance
What type balance takes into account the horse’s conformation and is the prime consideration that will provide for the needs of most horses?
Geometric balance
The functional balance of the horses hoof has three dimensions around the X,Y, and Z axis. The movements of the foot are given names corresponding to those of an airplane in flight. What are these movements called?
Roll, Yaw, and Pitch
Where is the center of gravity of a standing horse?
At a point behind and above the elbow in the center of he body
What are the terms foot fall, lateral swing, and animation referring to ?
The movements of the foot around the X,Y, and Z
What is medial/lateral balance?
Rasping the sides of the hoof to create a base with equal sides, in addition to trimming the ground surface of the hoof with nippers.
From the hoof bottom, where is the center of gravity located?
3/8-3/4 inch back from the apex of the trimmed frog
The base of what bone in the normal foot forms an angle of about ten degrees with the hoof base?
Coffin Bone
When the front toe of the hoof is shaped to dressed with the rasp, in addition to trimming with the nippers of the bottom or ground surface o f the hoof to alter the hoof’s angle, it is referred to as what?
Toe/Heel balance
Ideally the front feet stand apart the width of what?
The width of the hoof base
The hind feet ideally stand apart the width of what?
The fetlock joint
Other than the well known parts of the hoof, as the toe, sole, wall, quarter, and bar, what are three other parts of the hoof?
Heel, seat of corn, white line, point of frog, commissure, cleft of frog, buttress of heel, and bulb
True or False? If a horse has Paint breeding, it is eligible for Appaloosa registration.
False. It may not have Paint, Pinto, draft, pony, or albino breeding
Why is the Welsh Pony a first choice of the family wanting a child’s pony?
They are friendly, responsive and dependable
In what breed is it normal to notice a rhythmic head nod with each stride?
Tennessee Walking Horse
What gait is basically a diagonal gait; the horse will perform this gait by walking in front and trotting behind, with reach in each stride?
The Missouri Fox Trot gait
When was the Nez Perce War and what was the significance of this event?
The war was in the late 1800’s and the Nez Perce were forced to give up their remaining horses to the soldiers
How tall should a Missouri Fox Trotter be?
14-16 hands
What type of horse is specially trained to isolate an individual cow in a large herd?
A cutting horse
Name the three reasons why individual cows had to be cut from large herds.
For branding, medical treatment, and grouping purposes
On what date did the a group of cowboys and ranchers from the National Cutting Horse Association?
On May 1, 1946
In modern cutting competition, how long do the horses and rider have to demonstrate their ability to cut cattle and prevent them from returning to the herd?
Two minutes and thirty seconds
What does a run content mean?
The performance and showmanship of both the horse and the rider in cutting
What are cutting performances evaluated on?
The challenges made by the cattle, the horse’s instinctive reaction, errors in judgement made by the horse and rider during competition
The successful cutting horse must be quick, agile, intelligent, and what else?
Have a natural gift of cow sense
Dressage has its roots in Classical Greek horsemanship, but wasn’t recognized as an important equestrian pursuit when?
The Renaissance
What is the fundamental purpose of dressage?
To develop through standardized progressive training methods, the horse’s natural athletic ability and willingness to perform, maximizing its potential as a riding horse
What breed can’t be taller than 34inches at the withers to be registered?
American Miniature horse
What four parts of the digestive tract make up the foregut?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
What is the ideal slope of the shoulders?
45-50 degrees
What is base wide confirmation?
When the horses feet are wider apart at the ground than at the chest
What disease has a geographical association with a particular part of the country?
Patomic Horse Fever
Name four components of the top line?
Withers, back, loin, and croup
List the names of the teeth that make up 12 front teeth known as incisors?
Central Pairs, Intermediate, and Corner Teeth
Where are three practical possibilities to keep a horse?
At home, Rent a pasture, or commercial stable
Why would you do a pre-purchase exam on a horse you want to buy?
To determine the overall soundness and health of the horse before you buy it
What are the 3 patterns that establish the guidelines to define color patterns of a paint horse?
Over, Tobiano, Tovero
What part of the horse is located on both inside and outside of the hind legs above the hock?
Gaskin
What is the single most important characteristic in equine selection?
Balance
Why is balance important in equine selection?
Because it forms the basis for movement, length of stride, and ultimately perfomance
What do we call it when a horse’s forelimb is too far forward and away for the body?
Camped out
What is an insecticide designed to kill fly larva?
Larvicides
What is the average temperature range of a horse?
100-101.5F
Name two types of Legumes horses eat?
Alfalfa and Clover
What is the most commonly used technique for estimating body weight in horses?
Heart Girth Tape
What are 3 different types of medical treatments that may be used to treat colic?
Surgery, Stomach tube, mineral oil, fluids, sedatives, and antibiotics
Approximately how much hoof growth occurs in a 6 month period?
2.25 inches
What part of the hoof protects the internal structures of the foot from injury?
Sole
(T/F) The ideally fitted shoe, regardless of design, should spare the maximum bearing surface on the wall and provide a solid base of weight distribution.
True
When your horse is tied with a lead rope in a trailer, how should you remove the rope during an emergency?
Cut it with a pocket knife
What are 4 environmental needs in providing for the welfare of a horse?
Physical, social, chemical, and biological
A period of reproductive dormancy in a mare.
Anestrus
What effect will anabolic steroids have on a stallion?
It will severely impair the testicular size and sperm production
At what age do you wean a foal?
4-6months
(T/F) A donkey possesses a great deal more reasoning power than a horse?
True
What is a molecule used to produce muscular activity, it is the basic energy source for muscular contraction?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What is the study of movement?
Biomechanics
What is the breakdown of the energy sources in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic
What internal parasite primarily affects foals and young horses?
Roundworms
(T/F) Influenza is the most common infectious respiratory disease of horses.
True
Where are a horse’s blind spot?
Directl behind or in front of the horse
What insect causes lyme disease?
Ticks
What breed is characterized by the flat foot walk, running walk, and rocking chair canter?
Tennessee Walking Horse
How many teeth does a young horse have?
24
What kind of vision does the horse use to judge distance?
binocular vison
What color is a horse with white hairs mixed into a base coat?
Roan
Equine Herpes Virus causes what disease?
Rhinopneumonitis
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed or hemorrage fromt he nostrils due to hemorrage in the respiratory tract or guttural pouch
How many days is the heat period in mares?
5-7days
Which is the more energy dense feed, oats, or corn?
Corn
Where specifically would the Galvayne’s Groove be located?
At the gum margin of the upper corner incisor
A destruction of the frog by anaerobic bacteria resulting in a black and strong smelling infection is called what?
Thrush
What color horse has a golden yellow body and a white mane and tail?
Palomino
What is the common name for Equine Spinal Ataxia?
Wobbles
How many chromosomes pairs does a horse have?
32pairs
How many teeth does a young horse have?
24
What kind of vision does the horse use to judge distance?
binocular vison
What color is a horse with white hairs mixed into a base coat?
Roan
Equine Herpes Virus causes what disease?
Rhinopneumonitis
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed or hemorrage fromt he nostrils due to hemorrage in the respiratory tract or guttural pouch
How many days is the heat period in mares?
5-7days
Which is the more energy dense feed, oats, or corn?
Corn
Where specifically would the Galvayne’s Groove be located?
At the gum margin of the upper corner incisor
A destruction of the frog by anaerobic bacteria resulting in a black and strong smelling infection is called what?
Thrush