T4 - Eye and Vision Assessment (Josh) Flashcards
Eye Refraction:
What are the different types?
Emmetropia (ideal)
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Astigmatism
Eye Refraction:
What causes Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
lens does not refract light enough
Eye Refraction:
What causes Myopia (Nearsightedness)?
lens overbends the light
Pupil:
What is Miosis?
pupil constricted when exposed to increased light or close work, such as reading
Pupil:
What is Mydriasis?
pupil dilates when exposed to reduced light or looking at distance
Pupil:
— is constriction
— is dilation
Miosis
Mydriasis
What is it called when eyes are uneven in size?
anisocoria
Health Promotion:
What type of food should we promote for good vision?
Fruit
Veggies
- Red
- Orange
- Dark Green
Vision Assessment:
— — assesses visual acuity.
— — assesses near vision
Snellen Chart
Rosenbaum Pocket Vision Screener
Vision Assessment:
What does the Ishihara Chart assess?
Color vision
What is Arcus Senilis?
a narrow opaque band encircling the cornea, common in old age
***caused by fat deposits
What happens to Cornia as we age?
flattens, irregular surface of curve
Is yellowing of the lens normal as we age?
yes
What is Presbyopia?
diminished ability to focus on near objects as we age
As we age, what happens to intraoccular pressure?
increases
Diagnostic Tests:
What does a Slit-Lamp Examination do?
magnifies the anterior structures
Diagnostic Tests:
What do we do to check for corneal trauma, abrasions or ulcers?
Corneal Staining
Diagnostic Tests:
Which test measures Intraoccular Pressure?
Tonometry
***can be attached to the Slit-Lamp Device
Diagnostic Tests:
Which test assesses retinal circulation and requires IV Access?
Fluorescein Angiography
Diagnostic Test:
Teaching for Fluorescein Angiography
Mydriatic eye drops prior
Fluids afterwards to flush contrast media
Skin may appear YELLOW for few hrs afterwards
Urine BRIGHT GREEN after test
Diagnostic Tests:
What is an Electroretinography?
graphs retinal response to light stimulation
Diagnostic Tests:
What does a Gonioscopy allow visualization of?
angle where iris meets cornea
Diagnostic Test:
What is purpose of Gonioscopy?
determines if Open Angle of Closed Angle Glaucoma
Eyelid Disorders:
What is Blepharitis?
inflammed, itchy red, eyelid
Greasy scales on brows and lids
Eyelid Disorders:
What is Entropion?
inward turning of lid causing lashes to rub against eye
***requires surgical correction
Eyelid Disorders:
What is Ectropion?
outward turning of eyelid
***requires surgery
Eyelid Disorders:
— is inward turning of eyelid
— is outward turning of eyelid
ENtropion is INward
ECtropion is outward (ek)
Eyelid Disorders:
What is term for a Stye?
Hordeolum
Eyelid Disorders:
What is a Chalazion?
inflammation of sebaceous gland in eye
Eye Disorders:
What is Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca?
Dry Eye Syndrome
changes in tear composition, lacrimal gland dysfunciton or altered tear distribution
Eye Disorders:
What drugs can cause Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca?
Antihistamines
Beta Blockers
Anticholinergics
Eye Disorders:
What diseases can cause Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca?
RA
Leukemia
Sarcoidosis
Radiation Burn
Eye Disorders:
What is treatment for Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca?
Cyclosporine (Restasis)
Artificial Tears
Lubricating Ointment
Surgery
Eye Disorders:
What is Trachoma?
chronic, bilateral scarring form of Conjuctivitis
Eye Disorders:
What bacteria causes Trachoma?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
***INFECTION CONTROL!!!
Eye Disorders:
What are s/s of Trachoma?
tears
photophobia
eyelid edema
Eye Disorders:
What is the chief cause of preventable blindness?
Trachoma
- chronic, bilateral scarring form of conjuctivitis
Corneal Disorders:
Why does a Corneal abrasion, ulceration or infection need IMMEDIATE treatment?
can cause permanent damage
Corneal Disorders:
What meds can be given if Cornea is scratched, ulcerated, or infected?
anti-infective and steroid eyedrops
Corneal Disorders:
— is degeneration of corneal tissue.
Keratoconus
***Corneal Ring Transplant
***Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant)
Eye Donation:
What is requirements to donate eyes?
free from infectious disease or cancer at time of death
Eye Donation:
What do you do to protect potential eye donors at time of death?
Elevate HOB 30 degrees
Apply antibiotic eyedrops
Close eyelids and apply small ice pack
Cataracts:
— begins at back of the lens
— forms in the center of the lens
— forms in the lens cortex and extends from the outside of the lens to the center.
Subcapsular Cataract
Nuclear Cataract
Cortical Cataract
Cataracts:
Signs and Symptoms
Clouding and Blurring of lens
Opacity makes it difficult to see retina
Visual acuity restricted
NO PAIN or eye redness
Cataracts:
Risk Factors
Age
Heavy sun exposure
Direct Eye injury
Diabetes
Steroid use
Down Syndrome
Cataracts:
What is unique about Cataract Surgery?
done with sound waves
they break up the lens, pieces are sucked out, and the capsule remains largely intact
Cataracts:
What is the technical name of Cataract Surgery?
Phacoemulsification
Cataracts - Phacoemulsification:
What should we assess for preoperatively?
Medication List
Ability of client to instill eye drops post op
Cataracts - Phacoemulsification:
What is Postop care?
Antibiotics give subconjuctivally
Eye is unpatched, discharge usually occures within 1 hr
Dark glasses required
Instill antibiotic-steroid eyedrops
Mild itching is normal
PAIN INDICATES COMPLICATIONS
Reduce IOP
Prevent Infection
Assess for bleeding
Cataracts - Phacoemulsification:
What are signs of complications?
Sharp, sudden pain in eye
Bleeding or increased discharge
Lid swelling
Decreased vision
Flashes of light of floating shapes
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