T1 Blueprint - Cardiovascular Assessment (Josh) Flashcards
When does the SA node contract?
during diastole
When does the Left Atrium empty blood into Left Ventricle?
diastole
When do the AV valves close and the Semilunar valves open?
Systole (squeeze)
What is the best indicator of fluid balance?
weight (1 L - 1 kg)
What is normal Systolic Pressure of Pulmonary Artery (PAS)?
Diastolic Pressure of Pulmonary Artery (PAD)?
PAS = 20-30 mmHg
PAD = 5-10 mmHg
What is normal Pulmonary Artery Mean Pressure (PAm)?
10-15 mmHg
What is normal PAWP?
4-12 mmHg
***represents filling pressures of the LEFT SIDE of heart
What is normal CO?
4-6 L/min
What is normal CI?
2.2-4.0 L/min
***adjusts CO for BSA
What is normal SV?
60-70 mL
What is normal SVR?
800-1400 dynes
***lower indicates vasodilation
***higher indicates vasoconstriction
What medications can raise SVR?
DA and NE
***constrict vessels
What medications can lower SVR?
Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerine
Hydralazine
***vasodilators
— is synonymous with afterload.
SVR
What is normal CVP?
2-5 mmHg
***represents filling pressure of right side of heart
What is normal SVO2?
60-80%
What do high values (more than 80%) SVO2 indicate?
Hyperoxygenation
Anesthesia
Sepsis
False reading
What do low values (less than 60%) SVO2 indicate?
Anemia
Bleeding
Cardiogenic Shock
Hyperthermia
Seizures
Activity
Hypoxemia
What is normal SVV?
less than 10-15%
- **if too high, they need a fluid bolus
- **anything above 10 is a Pulsus Paradoxus
What do SVV below 10-15% indicate?
client will likely not benefit from extra fluids
— represents the afterload for the LEFT side of the heart.
SVR (800-1400 dynes)
— represents the afterload for the RIGHT side of the heart.
PVR (100-250 dynes)
What are drugs that INCREASE afterload?
DA
NE
What are drugs that DECREASE afterload?
Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerine
Hydralazine
With hemodynamic monitoring, where do you place the transducer?
Phlebostatic Axis
***4th ICS and Half way between the AP diameter
With hemodynamic monitoring, how do you test the accuracy of the numbers?
Flash Flush Waveform Test
***rapidly flushes the artery with saline
With hemodynamic monitoring, what do you do before accessing the Radial Artery?
Allen’s Test
With hemodynamic monitoring, what is an important assessment?
distal circulation
- monitor for numbness, pain
With hemodynamic monitoring, what do we set the pressure bag to?
300 mmHg
With hemodynamic monitoring, how long do we apply pressure upon removal of catheter?
10 mins
With hemodynamic monitoring, what position do we want the HOB?
between 0 to 60 degrees
With hemodynamic monitoring, how is the transducer calibrated?
opening it to atmospheric pressure very shift and every position change
— —- is an invasive diagnostic procedure that involves the use of dye as contrast media to allow visualization of circulation.
Cardiac Angiography
What is important to monitor when performing Cardiac Angiography?
Kidney function (BUN and Cr) because dye can affect kidney perfusion
With any invasive producedure, what do we always check for?
bleeding (hematomas will be hard)
pulses distal to the site
What are four contributing factors for SVO2?
CO (preload, afterload, contractility, HR)
Hgb
SaO2
Tissue Metabolism
