T2 - Airway Infections (Josh) Flashcards
Rhinitis is commonly called – – or — and is an inflammation of — —
hay fever
allergies
nasal mucosa
Sinusitis:
Non-surgical management
Broad-specturm antibiotic
Analgesics
Decongestants
Steam humidification
Hot/Wet packs over sinus area
Nasal saline irrigation
Increase fluids (thins secretions)
Pharyngitis:
What is the main thing we need to do?
determine why you have it
can range from strep (which can lead to serious complications) to cancer
— is a rare complication from pharyngitis.
Epiglottitis
— — is a medical emergency that can close the airways.
Acute Epiglottitis
What is a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT)?
screening process for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen
***results in 15 mins
Tonsillitis:
How long should you be on antibiotics?
7 - 10 days
***tonsillitis is usually bacterial
Peritonsillar Abcess (PTA):
What is this a complication of?
Acute Tonsillitis
Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA):
What are clinical manifestations of PTA?
Pus causing one sided swelling with deviation of uvula
Trismus and difficulty breathing
Bad breath, swollen lymph nodes
Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA):
What is treatment for PTA?
Percutaneous needle aspiration of abscess
Antibiotics
What should you immediately think of when you hear the word ‘abscess’?
Draining it
Antibiotic treatment
Laryngitis:
Clinical Manifestations
Acute hoarseness
Dry cough
Difficulty swallowin
Temporary voice loss (aphonia)
**NO WHISPERING
Laryngits:
Treatment plan
Voice Rest (best thing you can do)
Steam inhalation
Increase fluid intake
Throat lozenges
Reduce tobacco and ETOH
— is a highly contageous acute viral respiratory infection.
Influenza
Antiviral meds for Pandemic Influenza
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
zanamivir (Relenza)
Influenza:
For antiviral meds to work, when should they be taken?
within 24-48 hrs
What is pneumonia?
excess fluid in lungs resulting in inflammatory process
Pneumonia can be cause by Atelectasis. What can cause Atelectasis?
prolonged immobility, leading to lungs not expanding enough
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP):
Preventing it?
Hand hygiene
Oral care
HOB 30 degrees or more
Pneumonia:
What procedure is done to diagnose it?
Chest X-ray
Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):
What family of viruses causes SARS?
coronaviruses
Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):
Pathophysiology
virus infection of resp. tract cells triggering inflammatory response
Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):
How do you cure?
no known cure…only treat symptoms
Pulmonary Tuberculosis:
Pulmonary TB is highly communicalb eand is cause by – —
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary TB:
How is TB transmitted?
via aerosolization
Pulmonary TB:
What is secondary TB?
incidence increased related to onset of HIV
Pulmonary TB:
What are clinical manifestations?
Progressive fatigue
Lethargy
Nausea
Anorexia
Weight Loss
Irregular Menses
LOW GRADE FEVER, NIGHT SWEATS
Cough, mucopurulent sputum, blood streaks
TB:
Diagnostic Assessment
Manifestation of S/S
NAAT (results in 2 hrs)
Sputum smear of acid-fast bacillus
Sputum culture of M. tuberculosis
Mantoux test
TB:
Which Mantoux test results are positive?
induration of 10 mm or greater
***immunosuppressed may be positive at only 5 mm
TB:
Medical interventions
Combo drug therapy with strict adherence
**6 mths to a year
TB Meds:
What do we need to know?
Isoniazid (hepatotoxic)
Rifampin (orange pee)
Pyrazinamide (joint swelling)
Ethambutaol (E for Eye; vision isssues)
- **all are hepatotoxic
- **monitor liver enzymes
TB:
When are they no longer considered infectious?
after 3 negative sputum cultures
What is a lung abscess?
localized area of lung destruction caused by liquefaaction necrosis
Lung Abscess:
Which organism typically causes it?
pyogenic bacteria
Lung Abscess:
Clinical manifestation
Pleuritic chest pain
Lung Abscess:
Interventions
Antibiotics
Drainage (thoracentesis)
Frequent mouth care for Candida albicans
Inhalation Anthrax is caused by which organism?
Bacillus Antracis
***from contaminated soil
Drug therapy for Antrax?
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
***100% fatal if untreated
What is Pulmonary Empyema?
Collection of pus in pleural space
Pulmonary Empyema:
What are most common causes?
Pulmonary infectoin
Lung abscess
Infected pleural effusion
Pulmonary Empyema:
What are interventions?
Empty empyema cavity
Re-expand lung
Control infection
