T4 Blueprint - Eye and Vision (Josh) Flashcards
Which types of veggies do we want them to eat?
red, orange, and dark green
Snellen Chart assesses — —
Rosenbaum Pocket Chart assesses — —
Ishihara Chart assesses — —
visual acuity
near vision
color vision
— is ideal refraction.
Emmetropia
— is farsighted (can see far but not up close)
— is nearsighted (can so close but not far off)
Hyperopia
Myopia
— is pupil constriction
— is pupil dilation
Miosis
Mydriasis
— is uneven pupil sizes.
Anixicoria
What are Age-related Structural changes of the eye?
Decreased muscle tone
Ectropion and dry eye
Acrus Senilis
Cornea flattens and has irregular surface
Changes in sclera color (bluish due to thinning or yellowish due to fat deposits)
Less ability to dilate pupil
What are Age-related Functional changes to eye?
Yellowing
Accomodation gradually lost
Presbyopia (can’t see near)
Far Point decreases
Color perception decreases
IOP increases
— measures IOP. What is normal IOP?
Tonometry
10-20 mmHg
Fluorescein Angiography:
What should we teach client?
skin will be yellow
urine will be green
— allows visualization of that angle where iris meets cornea and is used to evaluate glaucoma.
Gonioscopy
What is a Hordeolum?
stye
What is difference between a Hordeolum and a Chalazion?
Hordeolum (stye) is painful whereas a Chalazion will decrease in pain over time
What is a Chalazion?
inflammation of sebacious gland of eye
How can you cleanse eyelids that have Blepharitis?
diluted baby shampoo
Conjunctivitis:
What is the chief cause of preventable blindness?
Trachoma
- chronic, bilateral scarring form of conjunctivitis
Cataracts:
— begins at back of lens
— begins in center of lens
— begins in lens cortex and extends from outside of lens to center
Subscapular
Nuclear
Cortical
Are Cataracts painful?
no
Is redness associated with Cataracts?
no
Cataracts:
What do we teach client after Phacoemulsification?
Antibioitics are given subconjuntivally
Eye is unpatched
Dark glasses required
Mild Itching normal
Pain means there are complications
Prevent infection
Avoid activities that increase IOP
Assess for bleeding
Cataracts:
What are activities that increase IOP?
Bending from waist
Lifting object heavier than 10 lbs
Sneezing, Coughing
Blowing nose
Straining during BM
Vomiting
Sex
Keeping head in dependent position
Tight shirt collars
Cataracts:
What should we teach client regarding cataracts?
Avoid heavy sun exposure
Manage diabetes
Avoid steroid use
Monitor for complications
Cataracts:
What are complications associated with Cataracts or Cataract surgery?
Sharp, sudden eye pain
Bleeding or increased discharge
Lid swelling
Decreased vision
Flashes of light or floating shapes
— is loss of peripheral vision
— is loss of central vision
Glaucoma
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma:
What are the types?
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)
Glaucoma:
— has a gradual onset.
— has a sudden onset (emergency).
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)
Glaucoma:
With —, there is no pain at beginning (may have mild HA or eye pain later)
With —, there is sudden, severe pain.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)
Glaucoma:
What is the IOP of POAG?
What is the IOP of PACG?
22-32 mmHg
greater than 30 mmHg
Glaucoma:
— has colored halos around the eyes.
PACG
Glaucoma:
— has HA with N/V
PACG
Glaucoma:
What do we teach about Prostaglandins?
Pigmentation of eyes
Really long eyelashes
Speckles
Glaucoma:
What do we teach about Brimonidine Tartrate?
No MAOIs
Wear Sunglasses
Wait 15 mins after removing contacts
Glaucoma:
What do we teach about Timolol?
Check blood sugar
Check pulse twice a day and notify if less than 58/min chronically
Glaucoma:
Side effects of Pilocarpine (Cholinergic Agonist)?
HA
Flushing
Increased saliva
Sweating
Glaucoma:
What do we teach about Brinzolamide?
ask about Sulfa allergies
Shake before use
Eye Meds:
How often are typically applied?
q 12 hrs
Eye Meds:
What do we do if more than one drop in each eye?
wait 10-15 mins b/t drops
Eye Meds:
How do we prevent systemic absorption of eye meds?
pressure to inner cannula
Macular Degeneration:
— AMD is the gradual blockage of retinal cells and is ischemic and necrotic.
Dry
Macular Degeneration:
— AMD is the growth of new blood vessels that leak blood and fluid.
Wet
Macular Degeneration:
What are Risk Factors?
Smoking
HTN
Female
Family History
Short body stature
Diet low in carotene and Vit E
Macular Degeneration:
What is treatment for Dry AMD?
Antioxidants
Vit B12
Carotenoids
Vit E
Macular Degeneration:
What is treatment for Wet AMD?
Bevacizumab injections into vitreous chamber
Laser therapy to seal leaking vessels
What are S/S of Retinal Detachment?
Sudden flashes of light (photosia)
Floating dark spots
- **emergency
- **SURGERY
