T1 Blueprint - Vascular Disease (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of HTN?

A

140/90 or greater in people without DM

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2
Q

For HTN, what cholesterol levels should we keep in our diet?

A

less than 200 mg/dL

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3
Q

With PAD, where would pain be for INFLOW DISEASE?

A

lower back, buttocks, and thighs

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4
Q

With PAD, where would pain be for OUTFLOW DISEASE?

A

burning or cramping in calves, ankles, feet, and toes

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5
Q

What are the 6 P’s of PAD?

A

Pain

Pallor

Pulselessness

Paresthesia

Paralysis

Pokilothermia (coolness)

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6
Q

PAD:

How is the pain alleviated?

A

when the lower extremity is placed in dependent postion

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7
Q

PAD:

When does pallor occur?

A

when the extremity is raised above heart level

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8
Q

What are the Stages of Chronic PAD?

A

Stage I: no claudication, bruit may be present

Stage II: claudication with exercise

Stage III: pain while at rest, frequently at night

Stage IV: ulcers or blackened tissue present

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9
Q

What is postop nursing responsibility for Bypass for PAD?

A

Deep breathing q 1-2 hr

Monitor for graft occlusion (emergency)

Monitor for compartment syndrome

Assess for infection

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10
Q

PAD Postop:

What is the most common type of graft occlusion?

A

embolis

***Most common in lower extremities

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11
Q

What is Buerger’s Disease?

A

occlusive disease of arteries and veins in distal portion of upper and lower extremities

**eventually become gangrenous

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12
Q

What is associated with Buerger’s Disease?

A

tobacco smoking

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13
Q

What are S/S of Buerger’s Disease?

A

Claudication

Aching pain

Sensitivity to cold

Diminished pulse

Cool, red, or cyanotic extremities

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14
Q

How do you manage Buerger’s Disease?

A

Avoid all forms of tobacco

Avoid exposure to cold

Vasodilators

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15
Q

Where would pain from an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm be located?

A

abdomen

flank

back

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16
Q

S/S of Thoracic Aneurysm?

A

Coughing / Wheezing

Horner’s Syndrome

Hoarse Voice

Difficulty swallowing

Back pain

Mass visible above suprasternal notch

17
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

drooping eyelid, constricted pupil and dry skin on one side of face associated with TAA

18
Q

Post-op care for Aneurysm resection?

A

NGT and Strict NPO

Control pain (epidural catheter)

Arterial Line (manage HTN and hypotension)

Neuro Assessment

Renal Function (UOP hourly)

HOB less than 45 degrees

19
Q

Drug therapy for Raynaud’s?

A

Nifedipine

Cyclandelate

Phenoxybenzamine

20
Q

Target Cholesterol level?

A

less than 200 mg/dL

21
Q

Target HDL level?

A

Men: 35-65 mg/dL

Women: 35-80 mg/dL

22
Q

Target LDL level?

A

less than 130 mg/dL

***even less if they have high risk of CAD

23
Q

Target VLDL level?

A

7-32 mg/dL

24
Q

Target HDL:LDL ratio?

A

3:1

25
Q

Target Triglycerides level?

A

Men: 40-160 mg/dL

Women: 35-135 mg/dL

26
Q

Which vessel is mostly affected by an Anterior MI?

A

Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery

27
Q

Which leads will show the Anterior MI?

A

V3-V4

28
Q

Which vessel is mostly affected by an Inferior MI?

A

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

29
Q

Which leads will show an Inferior MI?

A

II, III, aVf

30
Q

Normal Troponin T levels?

A

less than 0.02 mg/L

31
Q

When do Troponin T levels return to normal?

A

14-21 days

***T = Two - Three wks

32
Q

— is an oxygen carrying protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

A

Myoglobin

**normal is less than 90 mcg/L

**return to normal in 24 hrs

33
Q

Anticoagulation:

— decreases platelet aggregation.

— prevents re-occlusion.

A

ASA

Heparin

34
Q

Immediate Treatment for MI:

M
O
N
A

A

Morphine (2-10 mg q 5-15 mins)

Oxygen

Nitroglycerine

ASA (or Plavix)

35
Q

Which meds can prevent Ventricular Remodeling?

A

ACE Inhibitors (-pril)

ARBs (-sartan)

36
Q

What are S/S of Cardiogenic Shock?

A

SBP less than 90

Weak, thready pulse

HR greater than 100

S3 and S4

Tachypnea

UOP less than 30 mL/hr

Decreased CO and CI

Increased CVP and PAWP

JVD

Increased SVR (compensatory)

37
Q

What is the DOC to increase contractility of vessles during Cardiogenic Shock?

A

DA