T4, Cognitve function and neurophysiology, (Ana Sebastiao) Flashcards
What are the basic steps in neuronal communication?
- action potential
2. synaptic potentials
What are the main inhibitory and excitatory transmitters In the forebrain?
GABA (inhibatory) and Glutamate (exhibitory)
What are the basic mechanisms of cell death?
role of calcium
Name some other cells in the CNA to control neuronal functioning!
- glial cells
What is the main importance of NMDA recepters and calcium?
- Synaptic plasticity
- Neuronal death
NMDA - NMDA is a typer of glutamate receptor - NMDA lead to depolarization - NMDA is an ion channel receptor - Depolarization —> - Letting Na+ and Ca2+ions in and k+ ions out
CALCIUM
-ca2+ flux is important to synaptic plasticity because it a cellular mechanism for learning and memory
Name some other NT pathways and their role!
- Acethylcholine (ACh)
- Noradrenaline
- Dopamine
- Seretonin
5.
Name some other cells in the CNA to control neuronal functioning!
GLIAL CELLS
—>Microglia
—> Asterocytes
—> Oligodendrocytes
WHT THE NEED FOR SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS?
To eventually trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron
WHT THE NEED FOR SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS?
To eventually trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron
How many inputs does a neuron get?
A single neuron receives many excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from different neurons.
The inputs sum up and lead to a depolarization. If over above threshold, an action potential is generated
How many inputs does a neuron get?
A single neuron receives many excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from different neurons.
The inputs sum up and lead to a depolarization. If over above threshold, an action potential is generated
What is an excitatory neuotransmittor?
Neurotransmitter that lead to depolarizing synaptic potentials.
- Positiv ions go on (Na or Ca)
What is inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitter that lead to hyperpolarizing synaptic potentials.
- Negative ions (Cl) OR positive ions (K) go out
What is the main excitatory NT throughout the brain?
Glutamate
What is the main inhibitory NT throughout the brain?
GABA
What is the role of NMDA in synaptic plasticity?
- Blocked by Mg at resting MP High frequency inputs
- Depolarization
- Removal of the Mg block
- Calcium entry
5.Trigger of a metabolic cascade to promote further reinsertion of AMPA receptors at the synapse
—>SYNAPTIC REINFORCEMENT
What is microglia?
Works as the “immune surveillance system”
—> healthy neurons inhibit microglia
—> damaged neurons activate microglia
What is astrocytes?
- Astrocytes feed the neurons
- Astrocytes control neurotransmitter leves at synapses
What is Oligodendrocyter?
Oligodendrocytes helps to formate myelin, which increase conduction velocity
What is Acetylcholine (ACh)?
is a neurotransmittor in the cholinercig synaps and therefor effect the learning and memory, fine movement control and REM Sleep control
What is the function of noradrenalin?
NA:s functions in the central nerve system is:
- arousal
- Blood pressure control
- Mood control
Name 2 subsystems of the automated nervous system (ANS)!
- The Sympathic nervous system
—> “Fight or flight” - The Parasympathic nervous system
—> “Rest and digest!”
What is the function of Dopamine?
Relavant for:
- parkinson disease
- Schizophrenia
- Drug abuse
- Endocrine control
How does dopamine effect drug use?
Drugs of abuse reinforce the dopaminergic projections from the VTA to the Nucleus accumben, by interfering with dopaminergic, glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses
What is seretonin?
Seretonin is the NT most related to neuropsychopharmacology
The antidepressive medicine Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
