T3, Cognition and neurophysiology (Isabel Pavao-Martins) Flashcards

1
Q

3 main parts of the brain?

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. Brainstem
  3. Cerebellum
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2
Q

What is cerebellum important for?

A

motor cordination

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3
Q

what is brainstem important for?

A

Centers that maintain basic body functions:

  • automatic creating
  • blood pressure
  • heart rate control
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4
Q

what is cortex?

A

gray matter, neurons

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5
Q

What is the subconical region?

A

white matter, fibers and axons

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6
Q

how are neurons interconnected?

A

by synapses

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7
Q

Extreme growth of neurons and networks in what age? what is it called?

A
  • the first two years

- Synaptogenesis

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8
Q

Describe brain development!

A
  1. Synaptogenesis
    —> crazy growth of synapses & neurons
  2. Neural prunning
    —> not used synapses eliminates
  3. Normal brain maturation
  4. Reorganizations
    —> possible in adult brain
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9
Q

What are the two parallel distributed processing steams?

A
1. Ventral steam
—> fastest
—> "what"path
—> preparation for observing
—> mapping sound to meaning
2. Dorsal pathway
—> "where"
—> "preparation for action"
—> spatial information
—> mapping sound to articulation
—> creating words
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10
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

Bilateral damage to the ventral visual pathway
—> a ventral stem disorder
—> seeing without recognition

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11
Q

What processes are involved in visual recognition?

A
  1. retina
  2. Visual representation hierarchy
  3. Recognition units
  4. Modality independent meaning
    —> naming
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12
Q

What is Prosopagnosias?

A

difficulty in recognizing faces

—> ventral pathway

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13
Q

what is environmental agnosia?

A

Difficulty in spatial navigation and recognition

  • loss of orientation for places
  • cannot recognize places or learn new places or
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14
Q

What is Alexia without agraphia?

A

Lost ability to read and understand letters

—> but still have the ability to write

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15
Q

What is spatial neglect and attention disorders?

A

People behave as if their left hemispace did not exist and could not be conceived any longer

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16
Q

How can a person overcome neglect?

A
  1. use mirrors
  2. Put fearful things on the left side
  3. human eyes on the left side