T3L9 Linkage and Sex Linkage Flashcards

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1
Q

Does linkage increase or decrease genetic variation

A

Decrease

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2
Q

What is the position of a gene on a chromosome called

A

Loci/locus

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3
Q

What are two reasons that genes are inherited independently

A
  • They are on separate chromosomes
  • They are far apart on the same chromosome
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4
Q

Define linkage

A

The failure of two genes to assort independently OR the tendency of two or more genes to be inherited together

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5
Q

Will genes that are close together on the same chromosome be inherited together during meiosis

A

Yes

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6
Q

Why would genes that are close together on the same chromosome not be inherited together during meiosis

A

If they are split off during crossing over

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7
Q

The closer the gene, the _____ likely they are to be split up during crossing over

A

Less

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8
Q

Does crossing over or linkage increase genetic variation

A

Crossing over

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9
Q

What does it mean if a characteristic is sex-linked

A

The locus of the allele that codes for it is found on a sex chromosome

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10
Q

What are the chromosomes for male and female

A

XX for female and XY for male

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11
Q

Which chromosome is bigger X or Y

A

X

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12
Q

What is the difference between the genes on chromosome X vs chromosome Y

A

Chromosome X codes for female sex characteristics as well as some other characteristics whereas the Y chromosome only contains genes that code for male sex characteristics

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13
Q

Most genes carried on sex chromosomes are carried on which chromosome? What do we call this?

A

X chromosome so they are X-linked

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14
Q

What causes a recessive phenotype to occur

A

A lack of dominant alleles

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15
Q

Why are men more likely to present the recessive phenotype for sex-linked genes

A

Males will only have one copy of sex-linked genes found on their 1 X chromosome therefore they only need to inherit a recessive allele from one parent to have a lack of dominant alleles in their genotype and therefore present with the recessive phenotype

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16
Q

Name a sex-linked disorder that males are more likely to suffer from

A

Colour blindness (red-green)

17
Q

Explain why males are more likely to suffer from red-green colour blindness

A

1 Gene loci for three pigments found in the eye cone cells are found on the x chromosome
2 RG colour blindness occurs when there is a mutation to the allele of one of these pigments