T1L12 Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of a glycerol

A
 H
 | H- C-OH
  | H-  C -OH
  | H - C-OH
   |
   H

H-C-C-C-H chain downwards
all cs have h on one side and ohs on other side

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2
Q

Structure of one fatty acid

A
     O
     || HO-  C  - R'
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3
Q

Structure of three fatty acids

A
     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'
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4
Q

Structure of a triglyceride

A

check online image
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1UBoG09A_pC8vGtlbauLRVyBzaoHJB-JtN0ZVdaVJvSM/edit#slide=id.g1c64fe8242c_0_190

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5
Q

Formation of a fatty acid from glycerol and three fatty acids is what type of reaction

A

Condensation as 3H2O is produced

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6
Q

Which part of the lipid is the ester bond

A
                    O
                    ||
             C -- O
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7
Q

Describe the structure of a saturated fat

A

All C-C bonds are single
This means that the molecule is straight and they can pack more closely together

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8
Q

What state are saturated fats at room temperature

A

Solid

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9
Q

Describe the structure of monosaturated fats

A

All C-C bonds are single except one

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10
Q

What state are monosaturated fats at room temperature

A

Liquid

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11
Q

Describe the structure of polysaturated fats

A

Multiple C=C double bonds in the chain

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12
Q

What state are polysaturated fats at room temperature

A

Liquid

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13
Q

What is the effect of C=C double bonds in the lipid chain

A

Double bonds cause the molecule chain to bend so they cannot pack closely together which means that they are liquids at room temperature

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14
Q

Explain 5 different roles of lipids

A

Cell membranes to assist flexibility and transfer substances that are soluble in lipids

Energy - provide 2x energy than carbohydrates and release water when broken down by hydrolysis

Waterproofing in plants as lipids are insoluble in water - prevents the loss of water

Insulation - fats are poor conductors of heat

Protection - of delicate organs e.g kidneys

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15
Q

Describe the solubility of lipids

A

Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water

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16
Q

What are some uses of cholesterol

A
  • component of cell membranes (stability)
    -Some hormones (progesterone and testosterone) are made of cholesterol