T2L3 Protein Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five main parts of an amino acid?

A

Central carbon atom
Hydrogen
Amine NH2 group
Carboxyl COOH group
R residual group - unique to each amino acid

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2
Q

Describe what the primary structure of a proteinis

A

The sequence of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds resulting in a polypeptide chain

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3
Q

Describe what the secondary structure of a protein is

A

When hydrogen bonds form between amino acids between nearby amino acids ( to normally form either an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet

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4
Q

Describe what the tertiary structure of a protein is
(name 4 bonds)

A

When more bonds form between different R groups to form the specific 3D structure of the protein.

These bonds are:
- ionic
-disulfide
- hydrophobic interactions
- hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

Describe what a quaternary structure is

Name a protein that has a quaternary structure

A

Formed when a protein is made from more than one polypeptide chain.

Haemoglobin

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6
Q

What are the 2 different types of protein

A

Fibrous and Globular

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7
Q

Name 4 characteristics of a globular protein

A
  • The shape is spherical
  • This is what type of protein enzymes are
  • Soluble
  • Have hydrophilic side chains
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8
Q

Name 2 examples of globular proteins

A
  • Haemoglobin
  • Insulin
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9
Q

Name 4 characteristics of a fibrous protein

A
  • Long (polypeptide) chains
  • Cross-linked for strength
  • Structural proteins
  • Tend to be less sensitive to changes in temperature and pH than globular
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10
Q

Name 2 examples of fibrous proteins

A

Keratin
Collagen

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