T1L8 Reducing the risk of CVD Flashcards
How do ACE inhibitors work?
They reduce the production of angiotensin II (from i) - a hormone that causes vasoconstriction. This reduces vasoconstriction so lowers blood pressure
What are some side effects of ACE inhibitors
dry cough
dizziness
abnormal heart rhythm
reduced kidney function
How do calcium channel blockers work
For the muscle in the lining of the arteries to contract, calcium ions must pass into the muscle cells
The medication blocks calcium channels in the cells that line the arteries
Less calcium = less contraction
Blood vessels constrict less so blood pressure is lower
Name side effects of Calcium channel blockers
Headaches
Dizziness
Swollen ankles
Red face
Constipation
How do Diuretics reduce the risk of CVD ?
Diuretics increase the volume of urine produced by the kidneys. This removes excess salts and fluids from the blood plasma. This lowers the volume of the blood plasma which means blood pressure is lowered.
What are the side effects of Diuretics?
Dizziness
Nausea
Muscle Cramps
How do Statins work
Statins inhibit enzymes involved in the production of LDL cholesterol. The lower LDL cholesterol levels reduce the chance of developing an atheroma
What are the side effects of Statins?
Tiredness
Disturbed sleep
Feeling sick
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
How do anticoagulants work
Warfarin prevents vitamin K production.
This affects clotting factors so clots are less likely to form. Blood vessels are therefore less likely to be blocked by a clot
What are side effects of taking anti-coagulants
Excessive bleeding
Fainting
Allergic reactions
Osteoporosis
Damage to foetus during pregnancy
Describe the difference between a cohort study and a case control study
Cohort studies follow a group of people over time to see who develops the disease.
Case control studies compare a group of people that have the disease to a group that don’t and compare their history of risk factors etc.
