T2 - Skin Product Terminology

Question 1

Absorbents

Answer 1

Absorb moisture from skin and local wounds and thereby maintain dry conditions to discourage bacterial growth

Question 2

Astringents

Answer 2

Arrest blood hemorrhage by coagulating blood that help wound and cuts heart quickly

Question 3

Caustics

Answer 3

Destroy skin at the applied site (corrosive). They are useful in the treatment of warts, keratoses, and hyperplastic tissues.

Question 4

Counter irritants

Answer 4

Used to promote a secondary irritation that helps to counter an initial irritation.

Question 5

Demulcents

Answer 5

Can alleviate irritation of mucous membranes or abraded tissues

Question 6

Humectants

Answer 6

Promotes retention of water on the surface of the skin

Question 7

Keratolytics

Answer 7

Cause desquamation (peeling) of skin. These agents are useful in the treatment of eczema, acne, etc.

Question 8

Levigation

Answer 8

The incorporation of a small quantity of powder medication into a small amount of
liquid or ointment base to get a concentrated mixture for easy further dilution with more
ointment base

Question 9

Moisturizers

Answer 9

Increase the water content of the outer layer of the skin,

Question 10

Emollients

Answer 10

Help maintain a soft and smooth skin feel by preventing water loss by evaporation

Question 11

How are moisturizers and emollients similar?

Answer 11

Used to reduce the dryness and scaling of skin

Question 12

Occlusion

Answer 12

1. Refers to skin covered directly or indirectly by impermeable films or substances such as diapers, tape, chambers, gloves, textiles garments, wound dressings, transdermal devices, etc.
2. A combination of many physical factors that affect the skin and the applied compound by enhancing hydration and sometimes increasing skin temperature

Question 13

What drugs tend to have a more occlusive effect?

Answer 13

1. Topical vehicles that contain fats and/or polymer oils
2. Ointments can enhance percutaneous absorption of a topical product by providing an occlusive barrier
3. Creams, lotions, and gels have lower oil content and therefore are less absorptive.

Question 14

Protectives

Answer 14

Shield exposed skin surface and other membranes from harmful stimuli.

Question 15

Rubefacients

Answer 15

Increase the skin temperature by increasing the circulation at the surface.

Question 16

Stabilizers

Answer 16

Preservatives, buffers, and chelating agents

Question 17

Preservatives

Answer 17

liquid or aqueous-containing products to prevent microbial
growth

Question 18

Buffers

Answer 18

provide conducive environment to impart good stability where degradation occurs due to pH-related;

Question 19

Chelating agents

Answer 19

stabilizers to prevent heavy metals from catalyzing degradation.