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2.1 T2: Sensory inputs and motor outputs > T2 L4: The oral and nasal cavity > Flashcards

T2 L4: The oral and nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the nose?

A

To filter dust entering the respiratory system

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2
Q

What is the main blood supply to the nose?

A

Branches from the ophthalmic and maxillary artery and the facial vein

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3
Q

Which nerves innervate the nose?

A

The olfactory nerve (CNI), Ophthalmic nerve (CNV1),

and the Maxillary nerve (CNV2)

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4
Q

What are the 3 projections in the nasal cavity?

A

The 3 conchae

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5
Q

Which bone do the superior and middle conchae arise from?

A

The ethmoid bone

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6
Q

Which bone does the inferior conchae arise from?

A

It’s its individual bone

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7
Q

What are the spaces under the conchae known as?

A

Meatuses

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8
Q

What is the function of meatuses?

A

To increase surface area and humidify inspired air

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9
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves arise directly from the brain?

A

CN1 and CN2

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10
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve arise from?

A

The cerebrum

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11
Q

Where does the Olfactory nerve exit the cranium?

A

Through the cribriform plate

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12
Q

Where in the nose are olfactory receptors found?

A

They line the epithelium in the roof and the walls of the nasal cavity

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13
Q

What is the function of mucous in olfaction?

A

They allow gases to dissolve into the fluid which can then be detected by olfactory nerves

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14
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity that produce mucus

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15
Q

Through which duct do frontal sinuses drain through?

A

The frontonasal duct

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16
Q

Where do the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into?

A

Into the middle meatus

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17
Q

Where does posterior ethmoidal cells drain into?

A

Into the superior meatus

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18
Q

Where do the sphenoidal sinuses drain into?

A

The sphenoethmoidal recess

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19
Q

Where do the maxillary sinuses drain into?

A

Into the middle meatus

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20
Q

Which paranasal sinus is most likely to be infected and why?

A

The maxillary sinus because it can only be drained when lying down due to it’s positioning

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21
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

CN2 and the ophthalmic artery

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22
Q

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN3, CN4, and CN6

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23
Q

What goes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

CNV2

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24
Q

What are the 3 chambers of the orbit?

A

Anterior, posterior, and vitreous chamber

25
Q

Where is the anterior chamber in the orbit and what is it filled with?

A

It’s anterior to the iris and is filled with aqueous fluid

26
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the orbit and what is it filled with?

A

It’s posterior to the iris and anterior to the lens and it’s filled with aqueous fluid

27
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber and what is it filled with?

A

Its found within the eyeball and it contains a set amount of fluid

28
Q

What is the name of CNII?

A

The optic nerve

29
Q

Which part of the eye receives visual information?

A

The retina

30
Q

What is the crossing of visual fields important for?

A

3D vision and depth perception

31
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit the skull?

A

Through the optic canal

32
Q

Swelling of which gland can impact the optic nerve causing visual disturbances?

A

The pituitary gland. It sits in the sphenoid bone and it swells upwards which can constrict the optic chiasm

33
Q

What does vertical movement of the eye muscles result in?

A

Abduction and adduction of the eyes

34
Q

What does transverse movement of eye muscles result in?

A

Elevation and depression of the eyes

35
Q

What does anteroposterior movement of eye muscles result in?

A

Internal and external rotation

36
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) exit the skull?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

37
Q

What is the somatic motor supply of the oculomotor nerve?

A

General somatic efferent supply that supplies the extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

38
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the oculomotor nerve?

A

General visceral efferent via the short ciliary nerves to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

39
Q

Why is the trochlear nerve called that?

A

It moves through the trochlear

40
Q

Why is the Abducens nerve called that?

A

It abducts the eyes

41
Q

What does the trochlear nerve (CNIV) supply?

A

The superior oblique muscle

42
Q

What does the Abducens nerve (CNVI) supply?

A

The lateral rectus muscle

43
Q

Injury to which nerve causes drooping eyes (ptosis)?

A

CNIII

44
Q

Describe the process of crying

A

The lacrimal gland secretes lacrimal fluid which is collected by the lacrimal papilla and then the lacrimal sac

45
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

Into the inferior meatus

46
Q

What 2 types of innervation supply the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Sensory and autonomic innervation

47
Q

Which nerve provides the sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

The lacrimal nerve (CNV1)

48
Q

Which nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

Secretomotor function via the facial nerve (CNVII)

49
Q

Which nerve provides the sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

Vasoconstrictive via the superior cervical ganglion via the internal carotid

50
Q

What is the evolutionary purpose of crying?

A

It get’s rid of extra hormones and makes you feel better that way

51
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

52
Q

Where does the ophthalmic nerve exit the cranium?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

53
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the cranium?

A

Through the foramen rotundum

54
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranium?

A

Through the foramen ovale

55
Q

Which nerve supplies all the structures of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

The trigeminal nerve. It provides somatic sensory and somatic motor information

56
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Lacrimal, nasociliary, and frontal

57
Q

What does the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

A

It provides sensory innervation to lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and upper eyelid. There are parasympathetic fibres

58
Q

What does the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

A

Provides sensory innervation to the eye, bridge of the nose, and mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

59
Q

What does the frontal branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

A

Provides sensory innervation to upper eyelid, conjunctiva, forehead, and scalp

2.1 T2: Sensory inputs and motor outputs (14 decks)

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