T2 L4: The oral and nasal cavity

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nose?

Answer 1

To filter dust entering the respiratory system

Question 2

What is the main blood supply to the nose?

Answer 2

Branches from the ophthalmic and maxillary artery and the facial vein

Question 3

Which nerves innervate the nose?

Answer 3

The olfactory nerve (CNI), Ophthalmic nerve (CNV1),

and the Maxillary nerve (CNV2)

Question 4

What are the 3 projections in the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

The 3 conchae

Question 5

Which bone do the superior and middle conchae arise from?

Answer 5

The ethmoid bone

Question 6

Which bone does the inferior conchae arise from?

Answer 6

It’s its individual bone

Question 7

What are the spaces under the conchae known as?

Answer 7

Meatuses

Question 8

What is the function of meatuses?

Answer 8

To increase surface area and humidify inspired air

Question 9

Which 2 cranial nerves arise directly from the brain?

Answer 9

CN1 and CN2

Question 10

Where does the olfactory nerve arise from?

Answer 10

The cerebrum

Question 11

Where does the Olfactory nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 11

Through the cribriform plate

Question 12

Where in the nose are olfactory receptors found?

Answer 12

They line the epithelium in the roof and the walls of the nasal cavity

Question 13

What is the function of mucous in olfaction?

Answer 13

They allow gases to dissolve into the fluid which can then be detected by olfactory nerves

Question 14

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 14

Air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity that produce mucus

Question 15

Through which duct do frontal sinuses drain through?

Answer 15

The frontonasal duct

Question 16

Where do the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into?

Answer 16

Into the middle meatus

Question 17

Where does posterior ethmoidal cells drain into?

Answer 17

Into the superior meatus

Question 18

Where do the sphenoidal sinuses drain into?

Answer 18

The sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 19

Where do the maxillary sinuses drain into?

Answer 19

Into the middle meatus

Question 20

Which paranasal sinus is most likely to be infected and why?

Answer 20

The maxillary sinus because it can only be drained when lying down due to it’s positioning

Question 21

What goes through the optic canal?

Answer 21

CN2 and the ophthalmic artery

Question 22

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 22

CN3, CN4, and CN6

Question 23

What goes through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 23

CNV2

Question 24

What are the 3 chambers of the orbit?

Answer 24

Anterior, posterior, and vitreous chamber

Question 25

Where is the anterior chamber in the orbit and what is it filled with?

Answer 25

It's anterior to the iris and is filled with aqueous fluid

Question 26

Where is the posterior chamber of the orbit and what is it filled with?

Answer 26

It's posterior to the iris and anterior to the lens and it's filled with aqueous fluid

Question 27

Where is the vitreous chamber and what is it filled with?

Answer 27

Its found within the eyeball and it contains a set amount of fluid

Question 28

What is the name of CNII?

Answer 28

The optic nerve

Question 29

Which part of the eye receives visual information?

Answer 29

The retina

Question 30

What is the crossing of visual fields important for?

Answer 30

3D vision and depth perception

Question 31

Where does the optic nerve exit the skull?

Answer 31

Through the optic canal

Question 32

Swelling of which gland can impact the optic nerve causing visual disturbances?

Answer 32

The pituitary gland. It sits in the sphenoid bone and it swells upwards which can constrict the optic chiasm

Question 33

What does vertical movement of the eye muscles result in?

Answer 33

Abduction and adduction of the eyes

Question 34

What does transverse movement of eye muscles result in?

Answer 34

Elevation and depression of the eyes

Question 35

What does anteroposterior movement of eye muscles result in?

Answer 35

Internal and external rotation

Question 36

Where does the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) exit the skull?

Answer 36

Through the superior orbital fissure

Question 37

What is the somatic motor supply of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 37

General somatic efferent supply that supplies the extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

Question 38

What is the parasympathetic supply of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 38

General visceral efferent via the short ciliary nerves to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

Question 39

Why is the trochlear nerve called that?

Answer 39

It moves through the trochlear

Question 40

Why is the Abducens nerve called that?

Answer 40

It abducts the eyes

Question 41

What does the trochlear nerve (CNIV) supply?

Answer 41

The superior oblique muscle

Question 42

What does the Abducens nerve (CNVI) supply?

Answer 42

The lateral rectus muscle

Question 43

Injury to which nerve causes drooping eyes (ptosis)?

Answer 43

CNIII

Question 44

Describe the process of crying

Answer 44

The lacrimal gland secretes lacrimal fluid which is collected by the lacrimal papilla and then the lacrimal sac

Question 45

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

Answer 45

Into the inferior meatus

Question 46

What 2 types of innervation supply the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 46

Sensory and autonomic innervation

Question 47

Which nerve provides the sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 47

The lacrimal nerve (CNV1)

Question 48

Which nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 48

Secretomotor function via the facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 49

Which nerve provides the sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 49

Vasoconstrictive via the superior cervical ganglion via the internal carotid

Question 50

What is the evolutionary purpose of crying?

Answer 50

It get's rid of extra hormones and makes you feel better that way

Question 51

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 51

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

Question 52

Where does the ophthalmic nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 52

Through the superior orbital fissure

Question 53

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 53

Through the foramen rotundum

Question 54

Where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 54

Through the foramen ovale

Question 55

Which nerve supplies all the structures of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 55

The trigeminal nerve. It provides somatic sensory and somatic motor information

Question 56

What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 56

Lacrimal, nasociliary, and frontal

Question 57

What does the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

Answer 57

It provides sensory innervation to lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and upper eyelid. There are parasympathetic fibres

Question 58

What does the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

Answer 58

Provides sensory innervation to the eye, bridge of the nose, and mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

Question 59

What does the frontal branch of the ophthalmic nerve do?

Answer 59

Provides sensory innervation to upper eyelid, conjunctiva, forehead, and scalp