T2 L1: Face, Temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
Where is the basilar artery found?
It runs over the pons and supplies the posterior brain
What does the muscle occipitofrontalis do?
Elevates eyes (found on the forehead)
What does the muscle orbicularis oculi do?
Closes eyes (found around the eyes)
What does the muscle orbicularis oris do?
Closes mouth
What does the muscle zygomaticus major do?
Elevates the labial fissure (corners of the mouth
What does the buccinator muscle do?
Compresses cheeks
What does the Platysma muscle do?
Depresses the mandible against resistance and tenses the fascia of the neck
What is unique about muscles of facial expression?
They are the only group of muscle that insert onto the skin. They don’t have the traditional muscle to tendon transition
What is the cutaneous innervation of the face?
The Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What is the innervation of muscles of facial expression on the face?
The facial nerve (CN VII)
What are the 3 divisions of the Trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular
What is the name of CN V1?
Ophthalmic
What is the name of CN V2?
Maxillary
What is the name of CN V3?
Mandibular
Where does CN V1 exit via?
The superior orbital fissure
Where does CN V2 exit via?
The foramen rotundum
Where does CN V3 exit via?
Foramen Ovale
Which areas do the sensory fibres of the Ophthalmic nerve supply?
Skin, Mucous membranes, Conjunctiva, Nose, Front of the head
What are the 3 branches of the Ophthalmic nerve?
Lacrimal, Nasociliary, and Frontal
How can the Ophthalmic nerve be tested?
Through the Corneal blink reflex
Which areas do the sensory fibres of the Maxillary nerve supply?
Dura, Nasal cavity, upper cheek, Lip, and teeth
What are the 3 branches of the Maxillary nerve?
Infraorbital, Zygomatic, and superior alveolar
Which nerve gives off branches to the Pterygopalatine ganglion?
The Maxillary nerve. It enters through the Pterygopalatine fossa and branches through the inferior orbital fissure
What is the sensory supply of the mandibular nerve?
Lower face, lip, and teeth
What is the motor supply of the mandibular nerve?
Muscles of mastication
What are the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve?
Auriculotemporal, buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar, and mental
What are the motor branches of the mandibular nerve?
Temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, masseter, and mylohoid
What is the temporal fossa?
A fan-shaped space on the lateral surface of the skull
Where is the temporalis muscle found?
On the temporal fossa
Which nerve has branches on the temporal fossa?
CN V2
Where is the infratemporal fossa?
Below the temporal fossa
Which nerves and arteries are found on the infratemporal fossa?
Medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, CN V3, branches of facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and the pterygoid plexus of veins
What are the motor branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
What are the parasympathetic branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion
What are the taste branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Via the chorda tympani via lingual nerve to anterior 2/3 of tongue
What is the general sensory branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
The skin over the external auditory meatus
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?
The facial nerve (CN VII)
Where in the mouth is saliva from the parotid gland released?
upper second molar
What are the 2 branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve
What is the special sensory function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
Somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium, and motion
What is the function of the temporalis muscle in mastication?
Elevation and retraction
What is the function of the Masseter muscles in mastication?
Elevation
What is the function of the Medial pterygoid muscle in mastication?
Elevation and side-to-side
What is the function of the Lateral pterygoid muscle in mastication?
Protrusion and depression
Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
The motor branch of V3 (Mandibular nerve)
Which special sense does the facial nerve have involvement in?
Taste
Which artery supplies the face?
The external carotid artery
What are the key branches of the external carotid artery of the face?
Lingual, facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal
Which vein drains the face?
The facial vein. It starts near the eye and drains into the internal jugular vein
Which vein do the internal jugular veins drain into?
The subclavian
