T2 L13: The neck and oral cavity

Question 1

What is the oral vestibule?

Answer 1

The space between the lips and teeth

Question 2

What are the 2 division of the tongue?

Answer 2

The oral (anterior 2 thirds) and the pharyngeal (posterior third)

Question 3

What are the 3 types of papillae covering the tongue?

Answer 3

Fungiform
Filiform
Vallate

Question 4

What is the only type of papillae on the tongue without taste buds?

Answer 4

The Filiform papillae

Question 5

What is the frenulum?

Answer 5

The medial fold under the tongue that separates the left and right side

Question 6

What is meant by intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 6

The intrinsic muscles lie entirely within the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to other structures

Question 7

What are the 3 types of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 7

Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Question 8

What do the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 8

They provide precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing

Question 9

What does the Genioglossus muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 9

Depresses and protrudes the tongue

Question 10

What does the Hyoglossus muscle of the tongue do?

Answer 10

Depresses the tongue

Question 11

What does the Styloglossus muscle of the tongue do?

Answer 11

Retracts the tongue

Question 12

What does the Palatoglossus muscle of the tongue do?

Answer 12

Elevates back of the tongue and depresses the soft palate

Question 13

What does Glosso- refer to?

Answer 13

Attachment to the tongue

Question 14

What does Genio- refer to?

Answer 14

Attachment to the inside of the mandible

Question 15

What does Stylo- refer to?

Answer 15

Attachment to the Styloid process

Question 16

What does Hyo- refer to?

Answer 16

Attachment to the Hyoid bone

Question 17

Why does the tongue deviate towards the side of where the lesion is?

Answer 17

Because the muscles on the other side still work and push

Question 18

What is the taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 18

Facial nerve (CN7) via chorda tympani contributing to the lingual nerve (V3)

Question 19

What is the sensation innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 19

Lingual nerve (V3) from the mandibular nerve

Question 20

What is the taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tingue?

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Question 21

What is the sensation innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 21

Glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Question 22

What is the motor innervation to the tongue?

Answer 22

The Hypoglossal (CN11) to the whole tongue except the palatoglossus muscles which is innervated by CNX

Question 23

Where is the exit of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)?

Answer 23

The jugular foramen

Question 24

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 24

The glossopharyngeal nerve to stimulate secretion

Question 25

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 25

The Glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Question 26

Where is the exit of the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 26

The hypoglossal canal

Question 27

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 27

It provides a protective sphincter for air passage and produces phonation

Question 28

What is phonation?

Answer 28

Produces speech sounds

Question 29

What are the cartilaginous structures that make up the larynx?

Answer 29

``` Thyroid Arytenoid Corniculate Cricoid Cuneiform Epiglottis ```

Question 30

What is the sensory and motor innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 30

The vagus nerve via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch

Question 31

Which artery supplies the larynx?

Answer 31

The superior and inferior thyroid artery

Question 32

What is the first ring of cartilage on the trachea called?

Answer 32

The cricoid process

Question 33

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

Answer 33

Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx

Question 34

What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 34

Superior, middle, and inferior

Question 35

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?

Answer 35

The vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 36

What is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?

Answer 36

CNV2, CN9, CNX

Question 37

Where does the vagus nerve exit?

Answer 37

The jugular foramen

Question 38

What does the vagus nerve innervtae/

Answer 38

- Sensory: larynx, dura mater - Taste: Epiglottis and pharynx - Visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut, and foregut - Motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx - Visceral motor: parasympathetic to smooth muscle glands in pharynx, larynx, thorax, foregut, and midgut

Question 39

What is the common symptom of iatrogenic damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 39

Hoarseness of the voice

Question 40

What are the 7 vertebrae that support the neck

Answer 40

Atlas Axis C3-7

Question 41

What are the 3 layers of fascia in the neck?

Answer 41

Pretracheal Prevertebral Investing

Question 42

What are the 2 main function of fascia?

Answer 42

Reduces the spread of infection and enables structures to move past each other in movement

Question 43

What does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 43

``` Common and internal carotid arteries Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Deep cervical lymph nodes Carotid sinus nerve ```

Question 44

Which muscle divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the neck?

Answer 44

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 45

Which triangles is the anterior compartment of the neck subdivided into?

Answer 45

Submental triangle Submandibular triangles Carotid triangles Muscular triangles

Question 46

Which triangles is the posterior compartment of the neck subdivided into?

Answer 46

Occipital triangles | Omoclavicular triangles

Question 47

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangles?

Answer 47

The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle

Question 48

What does the submandibular triangle contain?

Answer 48

The submandibular gland, facial artery, and facial vein

Question 49

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 49

Anterior belly of the digastric

Question 50

What does the submental triangle contain?

Answer 50

Lymph nodes

Question 51

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 51

Omohyoid and sternocleidmastoid muscles

Question 52

What is contained within the muscular triangle?

Answer 52

Supra and infrahyoid muscles

Question 53

What are the boundries of the carotid triangles?

Answer 53

The omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, and sternocleidomastoid

Question 54

What is contained within the carotid triangle?

Answer 54

The common carotid, Internal jugular vein, CNX, CNXI, CNXII

Question 55

What is contained within the posterior triangle?

Answer 55

Subclavian artery, external jugular vein, brachial plexus, CNXI, Cervical plexus

Question 56

What are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?

Answer 56

Sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius, and omohyoid

Question 57

What are the boundaries of the Supraclavicular triangle?

Answer 57

Clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, and omohyoid

Question 58

Which nerve provides motor supply to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

Answer 58

The accessory nerve (CNXI) It allows for shrugging of shoulders

Question 59

Where does the accessory nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 59

The jugular foramen