T2 L13: The neck and oral cavity Flashcards
What is the oral vestibule?
The space between the lips and teeth
What are the 2 division of the tongue?
The oral (anterior 2 thirds) and the pharyngeal (posterior third)
What are the 3 types of papillae covering the tongue?
Fungiform
Filiform
Vallate
What is the only type of papillae on the tongue without taste buds?
The Filiform papillae
What is the frenulum?
The medial fold under the tongue that separates the left and right side
What is meant by intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
The intrinsic muscles lie entirely within the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to other structures
What are the 3 types of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
What do the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles of the tongue do?
They provide precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
What does the Genioglossus muscles of the tongue do?
Depresses and protrudes the tongue
What does the Hyoglossus muscle of the tongue do?
Depresses the tongue
What does the Styloglossus muscle of the tongue do?
Retracts the tongue
What does the Palatoglossus muscle of the tongue do?
Elevates back of the tongue and depresses the soft palate
What does Glosso- refer to?
Attachment to the tongue
What does Genio- refer to?
Attachment to the inside of the mandible
What does Stylo- refer to?
Attachment to the Styloid process
What does Hyo- refer to?
Attachment to the Hyoid bone
Why does the tongue deviate towards the side of where the lesion is?
Because the muscles on the other side still work and push
What is the taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Facial nerve (CN7) via chorda tympani contributing to the lingual nerve (V3)
What is the sensation innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve (V3) from the mandibular nerve
What is the taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tingue?
Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
What is the sensation innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
What is the motor innervation to the tongue?
The Hypoglossal (CN11) to the whole tongue except the palatoglossus muscles which is innervated by CNX
Where is the exit of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)?
The jugular foramen
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
The glossopharyngeal nerve to stimulate secretion
Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
The Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Where is the exit of the hypoglossal nerve?
The hypoglossal canal
What is the function of the larynx?
It provides a protective sphincter for air passage and produces phonation
What is phonation?
Produces speech sounds
What are the cartilaginous structures that make up the larynx?
Thyroid Arytenoid Corniculate Cricoid Cuneiform Epiglottis
What is the sensory and motor innervation to the pharynx?
The vagus nerve via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch
Which artery supplies the larynx?
The superior and inferior thyroid artery
What is the first ring of cartilage on the trachea called?
The cricoid process
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx
What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
Superior, middle, and inferior
What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?
The vagus nerve (CNX)
What is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?
CNV2, CN9, CNX
Where does the vagus nerve exit?
The jugular foramen
What does the vagus nerve innervtae/
- Sensory: larynx, dura mater
- Taste: Epiglottis and pharynx
- Visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut, and foregut
- Motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
- Visceral motor: parasympathetic to smooth muscle glands in pharynx, larynx, thorax, foregut, and midgut
What is the common symptom of iatrogenic damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Hoarseness of the voice
What are the 7 vertebrae that support the neck
Atlas
Axis
C3-7
What are the 3 layers of fascia in the neck?
Pretracheal
Prevertebral
Investing
What are the 2 main function of fascia?
Reduces the spread of infection and enables structures to move past each other in movement
What does the carotid sheath contain?
Common and internal carotid arteries Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Deep cervical lymph nodes Carotid sinus nerve
Which muscle divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the neck?
The sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which triangles is the anterior compartment of the neck subdivided into?
Submental triangle
Submandibular triangles
Carotid triangles
Muscular triangles
Which triangles is the posterior compartment of the neck subdivided into?
Occipital triangles
Omoclavicular triangles
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangles?
The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle
What does the submandibular triangle contain?
The submandibular gland, facial artery, and facial vein
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Anterior belly of the digastric
What does the submental triangle contain?
Lymph nodes
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Omohyoid and sternocleidmastoid muscles
What is contained within the muscular triangle?
Supra and infrahyoid muscles
What are the boundries of the carotid triangles?
The omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, and sternocleidomastoid
What is contained within the carotid triangle?
The common carotid, Internal jugular vein, CNX, CNXI, CNXII
What is contained within the posterior triangle?
Subclavian artery, external jugular vein, brachial plexus, CNXI, Cervical plexus
What are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius, and omohyoid
What are the boundaries of the Supraclavicular triangle?
Clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, and omohyoid
Which nerve provides motor supply to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
The accessory nerve (CNXI)
It allows for shrugging of shoulders
Where does the accessory nerve exit the cranium?
The jugular foramen
