T1DM Flashcards
normal blood gluclose
4.4-6.1mmol/l
insulin is produced by
beta cells in islets of langerhans
when is insulin released
in response to raised blood glucose
how does insulin reduce blood glucose level
- causes cells to absorb Glc to use at fuel
- causes muscle and liver to absorb glucose and store it as glycogen
glucagon in produced by
alpha cells in islets of langerhans
glucagon released in response to
low blood glucose
how does glucagon raise blood glucose
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose
gluconeogenesis
liver converts proteins and fats into glucose
ketogenesis
liver takes fatty acids and converts them to ketons
when does ketogenesis occur
insufficient glucose supply and glycogen stores exhausted
what are ketones
water soluble fatty acid that can be used as fuel
can cross BBB and be used as fuel by brain
pancreas in T1DM
pancreas stops being able to produce insulin
why does T1DM happen
genetic component
viral trigger e.g. Coxsackie B, enterovirus
what happens in T1DM
no insulin so cells cannot take up glucose
cells think body is fasted with no glucose, meanwhile Glc in blood rising = hyperglycaemia