DM mx Flashcards
Insulin - mechanism of action
direct replacement for endogenous insulin
Insulin - route
subcutaneous
Insulin - main side effects
hypoglycaemia
weight gain
lipodystrophy
metformin - mechanism of action
increase insulin sensitivity
decrease hepatic glucongeogenesis
metformin - route
oral
metformin - side effects
GI upset
lactic acidosis
1st line management T2DM
metformin
metformin - cannot be used in patients with…
eGFR < 30
sulfonylureas - mechanism of action
stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin
sulfonylureas - route
oral
sulfonylureas - side effects
hypoglycaemia
weight gain
hyponatraemia
sulfonylureas - examples
glicazide
glimepiride
thiazolidinediones - mechanism of action
activate PPAR-gamma receptor in apidocytes
promotes apidogenesis and fatty acid uptake
thiazolidinediones - side effects
weight gain
fluid retetion
thiazolidinediones - route
oral
DDP-4 inhibitors (-gliflozins) - mechanism of action
increases incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion
DDP-4 inhibitors (-gliflozins) - route
oral
DDP-4 inhibitors (-gliptins) - side effects
risk of pancreatitis
SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins) - mechanism of action
inhibit reabsorption of glucose at kidney
SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins) - route
oral
SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins) - side effects
UTI
SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins) - effect on weight
typically result in weight loss
GLP-1 agonists (-tides) - mechanism of action
incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion
GLP-1 agonists (-tides) - route
s/c
GLP-1 agonists (-tides) - side effects
nausea and vomiting
pancreatitis
GLP-1 agonists (-tides) - effect on weight
typically results in weight loss
