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2.1 T1: Fundamental Neuroscience and the Brain > T1 L9: Organisation of the CNS > Flashcards

T1 L9: Organisation of the CNS Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What does the Telencephalon comprise of?

A

The cerebral hemispheres/cerebral cortex, components of the basal ganglia, and the limbic system

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2
Q

Where is the Central Sulcus?

A

It divides the frontal lobe from the parietal

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3
Q

Where is the Lateral Sulcus?

A

It divides the temporal lobe from the parietal

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4
Q

What is the precentral gyrus for?

A

Motor skills

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5
Q

What is the Postcentral gyrus for?

A

Somatosensory

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6
Q

What is the Gustatory cortex for?

A

Taste. It’s part of the insula

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7
Q

What is the name of the structure that links the left and right hemisphere?

A

The Corpus Collosum

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8
Q

What is the basal ganglia for?

A

Control of posture and movement

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9
Q

What are the subdivisions of Corpus Striatum?

A

Corpus striatum into Lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus. The Lentiform nucleus then splits into the Putaman and Globus Pallidus

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10
Q

What is the corpus striatum?

A

A collective name given to the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus within the basal ganglia. Its connected to the motor cortex and the substantia nigra in the midbrain

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of disorders of the basal ganglia?

A

Abnormalities in movement, muscle tone, and posture

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12
Q

Which is more lateral, the caudate nucleus or the lentiform nucleas?

A

The lentiform nucleus

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13
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens for?

A

It’s the rewards centre

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14
Q

Where are the cerebral capsules found?

A

Either side of the lentiform nucleus, there is an internal and external one

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15
Q

What is the Claustrum?

A

An area lateral tot he lentiform nucleus. It’s function is unknown

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16
Q

What is the limbic system for?

A

Emotion and memory

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17
Q

What structures are included in the Limbic system?

A

Hippocampus, Amygdala, Cingulate cortex, Fornix, Thalamus, and Mammillary bodies

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18
Q

What is the Hippocampus for and where is it?

A

It’s for memory and is found in the floor of the lateral ventricle

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19
Q

What is the function of the Fornix?

A

It connects the Hippocampus to the Mammillary bodies. Its made out of white matter

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20
Q

What is the function of the Amygdala and where is it found?

A

Involved in processing of fear and anger and is found at the tip of the inferior horn lateral ventricle

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21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia mater

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22
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

Creates a cushion for the brain and supports a network of blood vessels

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23
Q

What separates the Arachnoid mater and Pia mater

A

CSF

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24
Q

What is the Dura Mater?

A

A dense fibrous membrane

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25
Q

Which 2 layers make up the cranial dura?

A

The endosteal layer and Meningeal layer

26
Q

How many layers does the spinal dura have?

A

A single meningeal layer only

27
Q

Which artery supplies the cranial dura mater?

A

The middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery from the external carotid. It sits within the endosteal layer of the dura

28
Q

Through which foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranium?

A

Through the foramen spinosum

29
Q

What is the innervation of the dura mater?

A

The trigeminal nerve (CN5) mainly but also vagus (CN10) and spinal nerves C1,C2,C3

30
Q

Which is the only part of the CNS with a sensory supply?

A

The dura

31
Q

What does the Falx cerebri separate?

A

The cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

What does the Tentorium cerebelli seperate?

A

Separates the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

What is the difference between cerebellar hemispheres and cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebellar relates to the cerebellum and the cerebral is the rest of the brain

34
Q

What does the Falx Cerebri separate?

A

The cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

What is the Falx cerebri attached to?

A

Christa galli at the ethmoid bone, midline of cranium, and tentorium cerebelli

36
Q

What is the Tentorium cerebelli attached to?

A

Occipital, temporal, and sphenoid bones

37
Q

What is the Falx cerebelli attached to?

A

Occipital bone and tentorium cerebelli

38
Q

What is an extradural haemotoma?

A

When blood collects above the dura because there has been trauma to the middle meningeal artery

39
Q

What is an subdural haematoma?

A

When blood collects in the subdural space because there has been trauma to the cerebral veins

40
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

A space that can be created by blood when it pools there

41
Q

What is transtentorial herniation?

A

When brain injury or a tumour causes the brain to be displaced through an opening in the tentorium cerebelli

42
Q

What is the Arachnoid mater?

A

A thin avascular translucent layer lining the dura. Vessels pass through it

43
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

A space filled with CSF that contains cerebral vessels

44
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Herniations of arachnoid into the venous sinuses

45
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

A bleed into the subarachnoid space caused by major trauma

46
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Structures filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that extend into the venous sinuses through openings in the dura mater

47
Q

What are the projections of arachnoid called?

A

Trabeculae

48
Q

What is the Pia mater?

A

A very thin membrane that very closely invests the brain

49
Q

What is the leptomeninges?

A

Arachnoid and pia dura together

50
Q

What is leptinomeningitis?

A

Also known as meningitis, it’s the inflammation of the leptomeninges

51
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses drain?

A

Blood and CSF from the brain into the internal jugular vein

52
Q

What are the dural sinuses closely associated with?

A

The dural folds

53
Q

Where do Dipolic veins drain from?

A

The cranium

54
Q

Where do emissary veins drain from?

A

The extracranial spaces

55
Q

Where do cerebral veins drain from?

A

the cranium

56
Q

Which veins provide a route of infection into the cranial space?

A

The Emissary veins

57
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

A paired sinus located against the sphenoid bone

58
Q

Which structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN3-6 (Oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, and abducent) and the internal carotid arteries

59
Q

Why does the cavernous sinus affect the ability to move eyes during infection?

A

It gets inflammation of the structures around it which restrict movement

60
Q

Which structures does the cavernous sinus receive blood from?

A

Sphenoparietal sinus, cerebral, aphthalmic, and emissary veins (all in the infratemporal fossa region)

2.1 T1: Fundamental Neuroscience and the Brain (24 decks)

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