T1 L2: The skull and Cranial cavity Flashcards
What layers cover the skull superficially?
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis if occipitofrontalis muscle Loose connective tissue Periosteum of the skull
Which layer of the scalp contains most of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp?
The dense connective tissue
What is the Neurocranium?
Bones surrounding the brain
What is the Viscerocranium?
The facial skeleton
What are fontanelles?
The cartilaginous structures present before the bones of the skull join at the sutures
What are the names of the 6 bones that make up the Neurocranium?
Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Sphenoid, Frontal, and Ethmoid
What are the names of the 8 bones that make up the viscerocranium?
Nasal, Lacrimal, Vomer, Maxilla, Zygoma, Inferior Concha, Mandible, and Palatine
Which bone does not directly suture to the sckull?
The mandible
What is the Pterion?
The temples are the suture points between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones which make the area weaker and easier to fracture. The Middle meningeal artery runs over it
What is Hydrocephalus?
Build up of CSF in the skull
What is a foramina?
A small hole
What is cranial nerve I?
The olfactory nerve
What is cranial nerve II?
The optic nerve
What is cranial nerve III?
The oculomotor nerve
What is cranial nerve IV?
The trochlear nerve
What is cranial nerve V?
The trigeminal nerve
What is cranial nerve V1?
The Ophthalmic nerve
What is cranial nerve V2?
The Maxillary nerve
What is cranial nerve V3?
The mandibular nerve
What is cranial nerve VI?
The abducens nerve
What is cranial nerve VII?
The facial nerve
What is cranial nerve VIII?
The Vestibulocochlear nerve
What is cranial nerve IX?
The glossopharyngeal nerve
What is cranial nerve X?
The Vagus nerve
What is cranial nerve XI?
The accessory nerve
What is cranial nerve XII?
The Hypoglossal nerve
What goes through the Cribriform plate foramina?
CN1 (The olfactory nerve)
What goes through the Optic canal foramina?
CN2 (The optic nerve) and the ophthalmic artery
What goes through the Superior orbital fissure foramina?
CN3 (The oculomotor nerve), CN4 (The trochlear nerve), CN5 1 (The Ophthalmic nerve), and CN6 (The abducens nerve)
What goes through the Rotundum foramina?
CN5 2 (The Maxillary nerve)
What goes through the Ovale foramina?
CN5 3 (The mandibular nerve) and the AMMA
What goes through the Spinosum foramina?
The middle meningeal artery
What goes through the Lacerum foramina?
The carotid artery lays over the top of it
What goes through the internal acoustic meatus formaina?
CN7 (The facial nerve ) and CN8 (The Vestibulocochlear nerve)
What goes through the Jugular foramin?
CN9 (The glossopharyngeal nerve ), CN10 (The vagus nerve), CN11 (The accessory nerve ), and the internal jugular vein
What goes through the Hypoglossal canal?
CN12 (The Hypoglossal nerve )
What goes through the Magnum?
The spinal cord
What are the 2 main arteries that supply the brain?
The internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
What is the circle of Willis?
The cerebral arterial circle that allows for compensation of blood in the brain
Through which foramen do the vertebral arteries enter?
The foramen magnum
Which arteries fuse together to form the basilar artery?
The left and right vertebral arteries
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
The brain
What does the external carotid artery supply?
The face
What muscle does the common carotid artery lie deep to?
The sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck
Which 4 vessels form an anastomosis to form the cerebral arterial circle (The circle of Willis)?
2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
Which 3 arteries does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to?
The anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply within the brain?
The medial and superior surfaces as well as the frontal pole of the brain
What does the middle cerebral artery within the brain supply?
The lateral and temporal pole
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
The inferior surfaces and occipital pole
In which arteries do strokes occur and why?
In the cerebral arteries because there is no anastomosis
What is the Frankfort line?
A horizontal line going through the middle of the face that is used for craniometry
