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2.1 T1: Fundamental Neuroscience and the Brain > T1 L20: Anatomy of memory and emotion > Flashcards

T1 L20: Anatomy of memory and emotion Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Hippocampus?

A

Episodic memory
Encoding and recollection of long term memories
Spatial navigation

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2
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Medial temporal lobe

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3
Q

The Cornu Ammonis, dentate gurus, and subiculum are all part of what?

A

The hippocampus

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4
Q

Which structures does the Hippocampus receive inputs from?

A 
Multiple areas of the cortex especially:
Prefrontal 
Cingulate,
Temporal lobe
Amygdala
Olfactory bulb
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5
Q

Which structures does the Hippocampus send outputs to?

A 
Via the Subiculum to:
Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
Septal nuclei
Nucleus accumbens 
Mammillary bodies 
Anterior thalamus 
Hypothalamus

The fornix is a major output pathway

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of damage to the Hippocampus?

A

Amnesia=memory loss (Antergrade)
Difficulties in spatial navigation
Regularity problems: sleep, impulse control

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7
Q

What can cause damage to the Hippocmapus?

A
  • Hypoxia (CO)
  • Epilepsy
  • Neurodegenerative disease (Eg. Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular dementia)
  • Infection
  • Stress/depression
  • Schizophrenia
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8
Q

What does the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have to do with memory?

A

It’s for working memory

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9
Q

What does the Parahippocampal gyrus have to do with memory?

A

Recognition memory

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10
Q

What do the other temporal cortices have to do with memory other than the Hippocampus?

A

Categorical memory
Word recognition
Objects/faces

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11
Q

What is the Amygdala for and what does it have to do with memory?

A

It’s for reward association, fear conditioning

It enhances episodic memories emotionally

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12
Q

What is the striatum made up of and what does it have to do with memory?

A

Its made up of the caudate, Putamen, and Globus pallidus

It’s for procedural memory and habit formation

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13
Q

What do the mammillary bodies, fornix, and anterior thalamus have to do with memory?

A

It’s for the formation of new memories and consolidation

It forms the Papez circuit

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14
Q

What is the Papez circuit?

A

The neural loop goes through from hippocampal formation to mammillary body (MB) in the hypothalamus to anterior nucleus of the thalamus (AN) to cingulate gyrus/part of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and back to the hippocampal

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15
Q

What is the basal nucleus of Meynert?

A

It contains a large population of cholinergic neurons that project their axons to the entire cortical mantle, the olfactory tubercle, and the amygdala

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16
Q

What are some functions of the Amygdala?

A 
Threat detection 
Fear reactions
Fear conditioning 
Emotional enhancement of memories 
Salience
Arousal
Intensity
Reward
Motivational behaviours 
Olfaction
17
Q

What is meant by Salience?

A

Being noticeable or important

18
Q

Where is the Amygdala located?

A

In the medial temporal lobe anterior to the Hippocampus

19
Q

Which structures does the Amygdala connect to?

A 
Ascending monoaminergic pathways
Thalamus
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia ventral striatum
Insula
Subgenual cingulate 
Hypothalamus
Extended Amygdala
20
Q

What are the symptoms of a lesion on the Amygdala?

A

Loss/absence of fear

Abnormalities in social behaviour

21
Q

What is Psychopathy also known as?

A

Antisocial anxiety disorder

22
Q

What is the dorsal anterior cingulate for?

A

Stress response
Arousal
Emotional awareness
Cognitive control of emotions

23
Q

What is the Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex for?

A

Reward

Depression

24
Q

What is the insular cortex for?

A 
Inner feelings
Introspection
Cravings
Urges
Anxiety
25
Q

What is the orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal area for?

A

Reward
Relative reward
Regret
Behavioural flexibility

26
Q

What is the striatum/basal ganglia/caudate nucleus/globus pallidus for?

A

Habits, motivation, urge, liking, emotional expression

27
Q

What is the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) for?

A

Reward, motivation, wanting

28
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the mesolimbic pathway?

A

Dopamine

29
Q

What is the mesolimbic pathway?

A

The reward pathway

30
Q

Where does the mesolimbic pathway project from?

A

The Ventral tegmental nucleus (VTA)

31
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the locus coeruleus?

A

Noradrenaline

32
Q

What is the Locus Coeruleus for?

A

It provides the far-reaching noradrenergic neurotransmitter system of the brain

33
Q

Which neurotransmitter is produced in the Raphe nucleus?

A

Serotonin

2.1 T1: Fundamental Neuroscience and the Brain (24 decks)

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