T Cell Vaccines Flashcards
1
Q
3 types of signals delivered by APCs to naive T cells
A
- activation (MHC-TCR)
- survival (B7.1- CD28)
- differentiation (cytokines)
2
Q
Effector functions of CD8 T cells
A
- lysis of infected cells
- cytokines
- chemokines
3
Q
What induces co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production in APCs?
A
- IS recognizes “danger” signals through the activation of PRRs
- vaccine adjuvants activate PRR on a variety of APCs
- PRR ligands shape adaptive T cell immunity through direct and indirect effects on APC
- adjuvants enhance vaccine immunogenicity
4
Q
Activity of adjuvants
A
- depot formation
- secretion of cytokines and chemokines
- immune cell recruitment
- antigen uptake through PRRs
- maturation and activation of immune cells
- antigen processing and presentation on MHC
- activated APCs traffick to draining lymph nodes
- immunomodulation
5
Q
Why are polfunctional T cells better?
A
- a single cell able to respond to the antigen through multiple effector functions
- produce more cytokines on a per-cell basis
6
Q
Routes of immunization
A
- intranasal
- oral
- intramuscular
- aerosolized
- intradermal
7
Q
Potential T cell immune correlates
A
- T cell phenotype
- T cell function
- T cell antigen specificity
- HLA restriction
- T cell receptor
8
Q
What are tetramers?
A
Synthetic flourescent complex of peptide-loaded MHC
- allow surface staining of T cells bearing a TCR that specifically recognize such peptide
- stained cells detected by flow cytometry
9
Q
Advantages of using tetramers to study Ag-specific T cells
A
- specificity and sensitivity
- small cell number
- quantification of T cells specific for an Ag, irrespective of their funciton
- allow ex-vivo phenotyping of Ag-specific cells
10
Q
Disadvantages of using tetramers to study Ag-specific T cells
A
- only single specificity can be used
- inclusion of anergic cells
- need to know subject HLA
11
Q
Steps in intracellular cytokine staining
A
- surface staining
- fixation
- permeabilization
- intracellular staining
12
Q
In vitro assays to assess T cell proliferation
A
- incorporation of nucleotide analogs
- stechiometric DNA staining by intercalators
- Dye dilution
- expression of cell cycle associated molecules
