HIV Vaccines Flashcards
1
Q
Mechanism of most effective vaccines
A
- induce Abs to key viral surface proteins
2
Q
Obstacles to the development of an HIV vaccine
A
- anitgenic diversity and hypervariability of the virus
- resistance of wild-type virus to neutralization
- mucosal transmission
- no spontaneous recovery from infection
3
Q
Why is HIV-1 so difficult to neutralize?
A
- Env = most variable protein
- Gp120 is a trimer
- HIV is heavily glycosylated
- neutralization sites are hidden
4
Q
How an HIV’AIDS vaccine might work
A
- prevent established infection
- lower initial peak of viremia
- decrease viral set point
- delay progression
5
Q
2 types of vaccine protective immunity
A
- protection form acquisition (sterilizing immunity)
- protection from disease
6
Q
Spectrum of HIV vaccine strategies
A
- viral surface proteins
- live vector viruses
- combination of elements
- naked DNA
- HIV peptides
- live bacterial vectors
- pseudovirions
- replicons
7
Q
Types of AIDS vaccines
A
- preventitive vaccines
- therapeutic vaccines
8
Q
Examples of things used to prime
A
- viral vector
- DNA
9
Q
Example of things used to boost
A
- subunit envelope protein
- viral vector
10
Q
HIV vaccine research and development breakthrough
A
- RV144 efficacy signal
- broad neutralizing Abs
- T cell immunogens
11
Q
Define a correlate of risk
A
an immune response that predicts whether vaccinees become HIV-1 infected
12
Q
4 targets of BNAbs
A
- MPER
- V1V2 glycan
- CD4-binding site
- V3 Glycan
13
Q
Describe the process of retrovaccinology
A
- BNAbs
- molecular characterization of interaction of Ab with pathogen antigen
- immunogen design and testing
- modified antigen
- combo of several immunogens = vaccine
