Influenza and Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Flu symptoms

A
  • fever or chills
  • cough, sore throat
  • rhinitis
  • muscle aches
  • tiredness
  • V+D
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2
Q

Average incubation period of flu

A

48 hrs

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3
Q

Family of influenza virus

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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4
Q

2 envelope glycoproteins

A
  • Haemaggluninin (17)

- neuraminidase (9)

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5
Q

3 other structural components of influenza virus

A
  • nucleocapsid
  • matrix
  • membrane
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6
Q

Explain antigenic drift

A

a mechanism for variation in viruses that involves the accumulation of mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites

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7
Q

What is used in the production of the influenza vaccine?

A
  • embryonated chicken eggs

- partially purified and inactivated

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8
Q

Desrcibe the current influenza vaccine strategy

A
  • northern hemisphere flu season = Nov-Mar
  • mid-Feb, WHO decides on strains
  • mid-March, strains provided to manufacturers
  • Vaccines in clinics in Oct
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9
Q

Obstacles to manufacturing pandemic vaccines

A
  • not sure which one to make

- probs with egg use

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10
Q

Current stopgap strategies

A
  • novel vaccine formulation technology

- novel delivery technology (adjuvants)

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11
Q

What is original antigenic sin?

A
  • propensity of the body’s immune system to preferentially utilize immunological memory based on a previous infection when a second slightly different version of that foreign entity (e.g. a virus or bacterium) is encountered. (can’t mount a response to second antigen)
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12
Q

Routes to influenza immunity

A
  • HA antibodies (block fusion)
  • NA antibodies (prevent release)
  • M2 antibodies (interfere with assembly or proton transport)
  • cell mediated immunity (peptide presentation)
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13
Q

Next-gen approaches to influenza vaccines

A
  • recombinant proteins
  • viruslike particles
  • viral vectors
  • DNA-based vaccines
  • universal vaccines
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14
Q

Describe universal influenza vaccines

A
  • “headless” HA

- antibodies go after a piece of HA that changes less often in strains

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