T and B cells - cytokines and dendritic cells

Question 1

what are chemokines?

Answer 1

a sub-type of cytokines that cause other cells of the immune system to migrate towards them

Question 2

what are interleukins?

Answer 2

cytokines produced by leukocytes (white blood cells)

Question 3

What is the role of IL-8? (interleukin 8)

Answer 3

-important CHEMOKINE that attracts neutrophils and naive T cells to a site of infection

Question 4

what type of cells produce IL-8?

Answer 4

leucocytes e.g monocytes and fibroblasts etc. usually found in epithelial cells

Question 5

what is the role of IL 2?

Answer 5

activates T cell growth and proliferation, can act in an autocrine fashion (can up-regulate receptors on its own cells surface to make them more high affinity to IL2.

Question 6

What is the role of IL4?

Answer 6

activates B cells and changes the type of antibody they produce (e.g. IgE, important in allergies)

Question 7

What is the role of interferon gamma? (IFN-y)

Answer 7

increases the amount of of MHC molecules present on the cell surface

Question 8

what is the role of TNF-alpha?

Answer 8

Promotes a strong inflammatory response by:
-activating endothelium to allow migration of neutrophils and allows increased drainage of plasma fluid from blood to lymph vessels

Question 9

what is TNF alpha produced by?

Answer 9

many T cells

Question 10

what the of MHC molecule (i.e. 1 or 2) activates CD8 T cells?

Answer 10

MHC 1

Question 11

what type of MHC molecule activates CD4 T cells?

Answer 11

MHC 2

Question 12

How do CD4 T cells kill cells?

Answer 12

they secrete cytokines to induce the death of the virally infected cells

Question 13

how do CD8 T cells kill infected cells?

Answer 13

by direct interaction with the MHC 1 molecule on the cell surface

Question 14

what are the two types of CD4 cells?

Answer 14

TH1 and TH2

Question 15

what is the MAIN action of TH1 CD4 cells?

Answer 15

MAINLY activate macrophages to phagocytose infected cells

Question 16

what are some other actions of TH1 CD4 cells? (2)

Answer 16

• induce T cell proliferation by production of IL 2

- cause diapedesis to allow macrophages to migrate from the epithelium

Question 17

what are 3 cytokines TH1 cells produce?

Answer 17

• IFN - gamma
• TNF - alpha
• IL2

Question 18

what is the main action of TH2 CD4 cells? and what cytokine causes this?

Answer 18

stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and proliferate, stimulated by IL4

Question 19

what are dendritic cells called in the skin?

Answer 19

Langerhans cells

Question 20

what are dendritic cells called in the lymph nodes?

Answer 20

follicular dendritic cells (FDC)

Question 21

what are dendritic cells called in circulation?

Answer 21

veiled cells

Question 22

what is the name of the receptor in the Toll-like receptor family that dendritic cells express and are also expressed by granulocytes?

Answer 22

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)