anterior and superior mediastinum

Question 1

what vein drains the posterior chest wall?

Answer 1

the azygos vein

Question 2

what vein drains the upper limb?

Answer 2

the subclavian vein

Question 3

what vein drains the head and neck?

Answer 3

the internal jugular vein

Question 4

what vein drains the anterior chest?

Answer 4

left brachiocephalic vein via internal thoracic veins

Question 5

what landmark does the brachiocephalic trunk of the aorta divide into right subclavian and right common carotid behind?

Answer 5

the right sternoclavicular joint

Question 6

what are the three branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 6

right brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

Question 7

which pulmonary artery passes posterior to the ascending aorta and SVC?

Answer 7

the right pulmonary artery

Question 8

which pulmonary artery passes anterior to the thoracic aorta and inferior to the arch of the aorta?

Answer 8

the left pulmonary artery

Question 9

which pulmonary artery passes SUPERIOR to the corresponding bronchus?

Answer 9

the left pulmonary artery

Question 10

how does the RIGHT pulmonary artery pass in relation to the bronchus?

Answer 10

anterior to the right bronchus

Question 11

which nerve accompanies the left brachiocephalic vein on the left side?

Answer 11

the left phrenic nerve

Question 12

which nerve accompanies the left common carotid artery?

Answer 12

the left vagus nerve

Question 13

which vein passes into the left brachiocephalic vein before lying in the arch of the aorta and passes between the left vagus and left phrenic nerves?

Answer 13

the superior intercostal vein (also drains the left thoracic wall)

Question 14

how many C-shpaed cartilages does the trachea have?

Answer 14

16-20

Question 15

at which level does the trachea start?

Answer 15

C6

Question 16

what type of cartilage is the trachea composed of?

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage

Question 17

where does the trachea end (at the CARINA)?

Answer 17

at T4/5

Question 18

which smooth muscle extends between the ends of the trachea cartilage and is composed of smooth muscle?

Answer 18

trachealis muscle

Question 19

which nerve lies between the trachea and oesophagus?

Answer 19

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 20

on what side does the arch of the aorta pass to the oesophagus?

Answer 20

on the left side of the oesophagus

Question 21

what parts of the body ARE NOT drained by the thoracic duct?

Answer 21

the right side of the head, right arm and parts of the chest

Question 22

what is the thoracic duct a continuation of?

Answer 22

the CISTERNA CHYLI

Question 23

what two vessels does the thoracic duct lie between in the POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM?

Answer 23

the aorta and the azygos vein

Question 24

which vein does the thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 24

the left brachiocephalic vein

Question 25

what is the name of the junction where the left internal jugular and subclavian veins join?

Answer 25

pirigoff’s angle

Question 26

which structures are the mediastinal lymph nodes mainly clustered around?

Answer 26

the trachea and oesophagus

Question 27

which part of the mediastinum are the mediastinal lymph nodes located?

Answer 27

the middle mediastinum

Question 28

where are the anterior brachiocephalic lymph nodes located?

Answer 28

around the brachiocephalic veins

Question 29

what are the boundaries of the ANTERIOR mediastinum?

Answer 29

the sternum, pericardium and lungs with pleura

Question 30

what are the boundaries of the SUPERIOR mediastinum?

Answer 30

the thoracic inlet, sternal angle (T4/5), manubrium, lungs with pleura