cell death Flashcards
what are some of the key characteristics of necrosis?
inflammatory process - induces inflammatory cells
involves the leaking of cell contents out
pathological process
where does coagulative necrosis most commonly occur and what is it like?
occurs in most tissues e.g. the heart
where does colliquative necrosis commonly occur?
liquified mass (e.g. the brain)
where does caseous necrosis commonly occur?
commonly occurs with tuberculosis
what is apoptosis?
basically is cell fragmentation (sometimes DNA fragmentation) and does not involve inflammation or the spilling of cell contents
what is PARP involved in? (poly ADP ribose polymerase)
enzyme involved in DNA repair
what molecule is moved to present on the outside of cells undergoing apoptosis to promote nearby cells and macrophages phagocytosing it?
phosphatidylserine
what are the two types of extrinsic mediated apoptosis?
receptor mediated and NK (T cell) mediated
what are some examples of receptors and signally molecules which can induce apoptosis?
TNF alpha and beta
Fas CD95
what enzymes are activated by these receptor actions?
capsases (proteases which inactivate enzymes involved in DNA repair and break down cell contents and can cause DNA fragmentation)
what is the name of the protein CD8 T cells use to create a pore in the target cell?
perforin
what is the name of the molecule which activates caspases inside the cell to start apoptosis?
granzyme
what are two types of intrinsic mediated apoptosis?
mitochondrial damage and DNA damage (e.g. by radiation)
what molecule does the mitochondria release through the open PTP pore in response to stress?
cytochrome C
what does cytochrome C bind to once it has been released from the mitochondria?
Apaf-1
