systems working together Flashcards
two main categories of the nervous system
central nervous system (CNS)
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
central nervous system
made up of the brain and spinal cord
brain regulates all organ systems so they continue to function as required
spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerves connecting brain to rest of the body
peripheral nervous system
made up of all nerves in the body
how does the nervous system communicate
through neurons (nerve cells) throughout the body using electrical impulses to send messages
musculoskeletal and nervous system
nervous system sends electrical signals to cause muscles to contract. muscles attached to bones will pull on these bones like levers to cause movement
digestive and nervous system
nervous system causes the smooth muscle in the stomach to contract and relax, helping to crush food.
also causes muscles in the esophagus and intestines to contact in a wave-like motion to push food through in a process called peristalsis. nervous system also signals gland cells in the salivary glans, stomach, liver and pancreas to release enzymes to help digest food
circulatory and nervous system
when you exercise or get stressed, the nervous system will signal your heart to beat faster so that more oxygen snd nutrients are delivered to your muscles to prepare you to “fight or flight”
respiratory and nervous system
when you exercise or get stressed, the nervous system will signal your lungs to increase your respiratory rate so that more oxygen is taken in and can be delivered to your muscles to prepare you to “fight or flight”
digestive and circulatory system
villi along the walls of the small intestine increase surface area if where nutrients can pass through the walls into capillaries of the circulatory system thst carry the nutrients to the rest of the body
task: absorption and distribution of nutrients
respiratory and circulatory system
the alveoli increase the surface area of the lungs filled with oxygen rich air which diffuses into the capillaries surrounding each alveolus, while carbon dioxide from the blood capillaries diffuse into the alveolus to be exhaled.
task: gas exchange
circulatory and excretory system
blood in the capillaries are passed through filters in the kidney to get rid of waste products that are passed into the urine
take: production of urine
digestive and muscular system
walls of the small intestine are lined with smooth muscle that contract in a wave-like motion called peristalsis to move food through the digestive system
task: peristalsis (move food through alimentary canal)
nervous and integumentary system
sensory receptors of the nervous system detect changes in the environment (i.e. pressure, temperature, pain etc.) and send signals to the spinal cord and brain for interpretation and a response. for example, touch something hot, coordinate response to move hand away.
task: sensory and coordination of response to environmental stimuli
