digestive system

Question 1

digestive process

Answer 1

1. indigestion - take in food
2. digestion - break down food
3. absorption - pass nutrients into circulatory system
4. elimination - get rid of solid waste

Question 2

types of digestion

Answer 2

mechanical and chemical

Question 3

the mouth

Answer 3

• food is chewed into smaller pieces by the teeth
• the tongue helps move the pieces around
• saliva covers the food to make it more slippery so it can be swallowed easily and contains enzymes

Question 4

the pharnyx

Answer 4

• part of the throat before the esophagus and trachea split
• contains muscle that moves food from mouth to the esophagus

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

• function: muscular tube that pushes food down to the stomach
• how food gets to stomach: peristalsis; wave-like muscular contractions that help push food through the digestive tract

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

• J-shaped organ to the left side of the body
• function: digestion of food into chyme; semi-fluid mass of food
• muscular layers break food down with force by contracting
• chemical enzyme, pepsin (breaks down protein) and stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) helps to break down food chemically

Question 7

stomach anatomy

Answer 7

• sphincters: controls the amount of food entering and exiting the stomach
• esophageal: keeps food in stomach
• pyloric: controls food exiting the stomach into the small intestine
• three muscular layers; each layer of muscle is layered in a different direction, when contracted, helps to crush and breakdown food

Question 8

small intestine

Answer 8

• function: further chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients
• anatomy: very long to allow enough time for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood; the walls of the intestines are limed with villi to increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients

Question 9

large intestine

Answer 9

function: absorption of water, storage and elimination of solid waste, bacteria produces essential nutrient such as vitamin K

Question 10

accessory organs

Answer 10

• liver: produces bile to emulsion fat into small droplets
• gall bladder: stores and releases bile
• pancreas: produces enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Question 11

mechanical digestion

Answer 11

use physical force to break food down (e.g. chewing)

Question 12

chemical digestion

Answer 12

use of chemicals to breakdown food (e.g. enzymes)