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2 Reviewer A - Veterinary Physiology > Systemic Physiology A > Flashcards

Systemic Physiology A Flashcards

1
Q

This is the first cell in the neural pathways of vision where action potentials can be initiated.
a.Horizontal cells
b.Amacrine cells
c.Ganglion cells
d.Bipolar cells

A

Ganglion cells

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2
Q

Which of the following DOES NOT occur during phototransduction in the dark?
a.Entry of Na+
b.Influx of Ca2+
c. Conversion of GTP to cGMP
d.Conversion of cGMP to GMP

A

Conversion of cGMP to GMP

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3
Q

Protanopia is type of red-green colorblindness in which this type of cones are missing.
a.S
b.M
c. L
d.B

A

L

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4
Q

This type of eye movement tracks objects while maintaining visual fixation as the head moves.
a.Saccades
b.Smooth pursuit movements
c.Vestibular movements
d.Convergence movements

A

Vestibular movements

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5
Q

A menace test is performed to test which cranial nerve?
a.Optic
b.Oculomotor
c.Trochlear
d.Abducens

A

Optic

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6
Q

Which of the following hair cells are responsible for detecting horizontal acceleration?
a.Organ of Corti
b.Utricle
c.Saccule
d.Semicircular canal

A

Utricle

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7
Q

What 2 ions are responsible for production of action potentials in the hair cells?
a.Na and K
b.K and Ca
c.Na and Ca
d.Ca and Cl

A

K and Ca

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8
Q

Which of the following would produce maximum excitation of the hair cells in the right horizontal semicircular canal?
a.Hyperpolarization of the hair cells
b.Bending of stereocilia away from the kinocilia
c.Rapid ascent in an elevator
d.Rotating the head to the right

A

Rotating the head to the right

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9
Q

Cholinergic stimulation of the pupils with pilocarpine causes which of the following?
a.Pupillary constriction
b.Inequality of pupil size
c.Tonic pupil
d.Absence of pupillary response

A

Pupillary constriction

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10
Q

Which of the following sensory systems does not synapse with thalamus but instead goes directly to the cortex?
a.Vision
b.Audition
c.Olfaction
d.Gustation

A

Olfaction

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11
Q

Which of the following does not contain a taste bud?
a.Circumvallate
b.Fungiform
c. Follate
d.Filiform

A

Filiform

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12
Q

Which of the following is not detected using Type II taste cells?
a.Sweet
b.Umami
c.Bitter
d.Sour

A

Sour

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13
Q

Deoxygenated blood is contained within the:
a.Pulmonary vein
b.Pulmonary artery
c. Carotid sinus
d.Femoral artery

A

Pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves will result in:
a. Increased blood pressure
b.Bradycardia
c. Increased cardiac contractility
d.Decreased blood flow

A

Bradycardia

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15
Q

During the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, there is
rapid influx of:
a.Sodium
b.Calcium
c.Potassium
d.Chloride

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Which of the following ion pumps and exchangers is not part in the maintenance of the cardiac ion gradient?
a.Ca2+-ATPase Pump
b.Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger
c. Ca-K+ Exchanger
d.Na+/K+-ATPase Pump

A

Ca-K+ Exchanger

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17
Q

What is the functional role of the outward (transient) rectifying K+ channel in the ventricular membrane potential?
a.Contributes to phase 2 of the action potential
b.Maintains RMP by permitting outflux of K+
c. Contributes to phase 1 by permitting outflow of K+
d.Hyperpolarizes the membrane

A

Contributes to phase 1 by permitting outflow of K+

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18
Q

Atrial depolarization is seen in the ECG as:
a.P wave
b.QRS wave
c.T wave
d.ST segment

A

P wave

P wave is the result of the depolarization wave from the SA node to the AV node. Atria contract 0.1 second after P wave starts.
QRS complex is the result of the ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction
T wave is caused by ventricular repolarization

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19
Q

The action of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart is
mediated by:
a.Acetylcholine
b.Histamine
c.Norepinephrine
d.Epinephrine

A

Norepinephrine

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20
Q

Propagation of an action potential through the heart is slowest in the:
a.Atrial muscle
b.AV node
c.Bundle of His
d.Purkinje fibers

A

AV node

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21
Q

An ECG that reveals a prolonged PQ interval indicates a block of impulses coming from the:
a.SA node
b.Bundle of His
c.Purkinje fibers
d.AV node

A

AV node

22
Q

Automaticity of the cardiac tissue may be defined as:
a.Ability to transmit impulses
b.Ability to spontaneously generate impulse
c.Ability to respond to stimulation
d.Regularity of impulse generation

A

Ability to spontaneously generate impulse

23
Q

If the aortic valve closes slightly ahead of the pulmonic valve, it will be heard as splitting of the:
a. 1st heart sound
b.2nd heart sound
c.3rd heart sound
d.4th heart sound

A

2nd heart sound

24
Q

Cardiac output may be expected to decrease EXCEPT:
a. If one stimulates the vagus nerve
b.If venous return is lowered
c.After administration of a beta-blocker agent
d.If one administers a cholinergic blocker

A

If one administers a cholinergic blocker

25
Q

During mid-diastole:
a.AV valves are open
b.Aortic valves are open
c.Atria are relaxed
d.Ventricles are contracted

A

AV valves are open

26
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the pulmonary circuit?
a. It serves only one organ
b.It has higher volume and capacity
c. It is a high pressure area
d.It has a high vascular resistance

A

It serves only one organ

27
Q

This is the layer of the heart that is continuous with the tunica intima of blood vessels?
a.Endocardium
b.Myocardium
c.Pericardium
d.Epicardium

A

Endocardium

28
Q

During atrial systole:
a.The semilunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed
b.There is a rapid filling of the ventricles
c.Ventricular pressure slightly decrease
d.It falls in the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle

A

There is a rapid filling of the ventricles

29
Q

The interval of the cardiac cycle that begins with the closure of the AV valves and ends with the opening of the AV valves corresponds to a period of:
a.Atrial systole
b.Ventricular systole
c.Ventricular diastole
d.Atrial diastole

A

Ventricular systole

30
Q

The low resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the spread of action potentials are:
a.Gap junctions
b.T tubules
c.Sarcoplasmic reticulum
d.Intercalated disks

A

Gap junctions

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the non-pacemaker
potential?
a.Fast response
b.Found in contracting myocytes
c. Have a true resting membrane potential
d.Uses a funny channel to allow Na influx

A

Uses a funny channel to allow Na influx

32
Q

This local control of blood vessels is characterized by increased blood flow when the metabolic activity is increased.
a.Active hyperemia
b.Flow autoregulation
c.Reactive hyperemia
d.Local response to injury

A

Active hyperemia

33
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of norepinephrine on blood vessels?
a.Causes vasodilation via the alpha-receptors
b.Causes vasocontraction via the alpha-receptors
c. Causes vasodilation via the beta-receptors
d.Causes vasoconstriction via the beta-receptors

A

Causes vasocontraction via the alpha-receptors

34
Q

Which of the following is an effect of histamine?
a. Decreased capillary filtration
b.Vasodilation of the arterioles
c.Vasodilation of the veins
d.Interaction with the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels

A

Vasodilation of the arterioles

35
Q

An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes?
a. Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve
b.Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
c. Decreased heart rate
d.Decreased contractility

A

Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve

36
Q

Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometry?
a.Functional residual capacity
b.Residual volume
c.Total lung capacity
d.Vital capacity

A

Vital capacity

37
Q

Which of the following is true during inspiration?
a.Volume in the lungs is less than the functional residual
capacity
b.Alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure
c.Alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure
d.Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during
expiration

A

Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during
expiration

38
Q

Which volume remains in the lungs after maximal expiration?
a.Tidal volume
b.Expiratory reserve volume
c.Residual volume
d.Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Residual volume

39
Q

The following are functions of the respiratory system, EXCEPT:
a.Regulate plasma minerals
b.Can dissolve blood clots
c.Provides oxygen
d.Contains defense against foreign materials

A

Regulate plasma minerals

40
Q

Substance coating the alveoli which lowers surface tension
a.Mucopolyssacharide
b.Mucus
c.Pleural fluid
d.Surfactant

A

Surfactant

41
Q

Minute ventilation divided by the respiratory rate:
a.Vital capacity
b.FEV1
c.Tidal volume
d.Alveolar ventilation

A

Tidal volume

42
Q

Major form by which oxygen is transported in the blood
a. Dissolved O2 in plasma
b.O2 reversibly bound to hemoglobin
c.O2 irreversibly bound the hemoglobin
d.Oxygenated cells

A

O2 reversibly bound to hemoglobin

43
Q

The flow of blood through the capillaries and vessels of the lung is called its:
a.Ventilation
b.Perfusion
c.Resistance
d.Compliance

A

Perfusion

44
Q

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is shown by the:
a.Oxygen dissociation curve
b.Oxyhemoglobin association
c. Hemorespiratory affinity
d.Lung capacity graph

A

Oxygen dissociation curve

45
Q

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased by an increase of the following, EXCEPT:
a.Carbon dioxide
b.pH
c.temperature
d.2,3-DPG

A

pH

46
Q

The major transport form of carbon dioxide is
a. Dissociation in plasma
b.Water
c. Carbonic acid
d.Bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate

47
Q

The most important inputs to medullary inspiratory centers is
a.pH
b.Carbon dioxide
c.Oxygen
d.None of the above

A

Carbon dioxide

48
Q

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the chemical combination of
a.H2O and O2
b.H2O and CO2
c. H2O and CO
d.O2 and CO2

A

H2O and CO2

49
Q

Supplemental O2 will be most helpful if an animals V/Q defect is:
a. Dead space
b.Shunt
c. High V/Q
d.Low V/Q

A

Low V/Q

50
Q

Exchange of gases in lungs and tissues is:
a. Diffusion
b.Bulk flow
c.Active transport
d.None of the aboveby:

A

Diffusion

2 Reviewer A - Veterinary Physiology (10 decks)

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