General, Systemic, Endoc, & Repro Flashcards by Milagros Andrea Alemania Mateo

Deoxygenated blood is contained within the:
a.Pulmonary vein
b.Pulmonary artery
c.Carotid sinus
d.Femoral artery

Pulmonary artery

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_____ is a very potent stimulator of feeding behavior (orexigenic neurotransmitter). It is inhibited by leptin to decrease hunger and food consumption.
a.neuropeptide Y
b.alpha-MSH
c.gamma-MSH
d.peptide YY

Neuropeptide Y

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Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with micturition?
a.Sympathetic
b.Parasympathetic
c.Both sympathetic and parasympathetic
d,None of these

Parasympathetic

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An inhibitory neurotransmitter which many sedative or tranquilizing drugs act by enhancing the effects of this:
a.GABA
b.Glutamate
c.Acetylcholine
d.Norepinephrine

GABA

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These are clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, except:
a.weight loss
b.exophthalmos
c.heat seeking
d.polyuria

Heat seeking

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Atrial depolarization is seen in the ECG as:
a.P wave
b.QRS wave
c.T wave
d.ST segment

P wave

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What is the ratio of sodium and Potassium in the Na-K pump?
a.3Na:1K
b.3Na:2K
c.2Na:3K
d.1Na:3K

3Na:2K

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Which of the following will not normally be expected in the sexual cycle of the sow and cow?
a.Proestrus
b.Estrus
c.Metestrus
d.Diestrus

Diestrus

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Pseudopregnancy is most commonly observed in the:
a.bitch
b.mare
c.doe
d.queen

Bitch

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Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase can lead to the following:
a.Desensitization of the muscles
b.Uncontrolled muscle contractions
c.Inhibition of acetylcholine release
d.Muscle paralysis

Uncontrolled muscle contractions

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The tapetum lucidum:
a.Is also known as the third eyelid
b.Is the iridescent pigmented epithelium of the choroid
c.Is present in the primate eye
d.Increases visual acuity during photopic (day) vision

Is the iridescent pigmented epithelium of the choroid

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How long does estrus last in mares?
a.45 h
b.36 h
c.5-6 d
d.18 h

5-6 d

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Between ejaculations, sperm is primarily stored in the _______.
a.seminal vesicle
b.epididymis
c.seminiferous tubules
d.vas deferens

Epididymis

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Which of the following is TRUE about the membrane lipids?
a.The major membrane lipid is glycolipid containing a glycogen backbone with fatty acyl chains
b.The hydrophobic heads of the lipid bilayer is oriented externally facing the polar water
c.Cholesterol form clusters in between the phospholipids making it more fluid
d.The glycolipids undergo transverse diffusion, lateral diffusion and rotation as a result of the fluid nature of the plasma membrane

Cholesterol form clusters in between the phospholipids making it more fluid

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The pancreatic alpha cells secrete a hormone that ________, while beta cell secretion ________.
a.increases blood calcium level, lowers blood calcium level
b.lowers blood calcium level, increases blood calcium level
c.lowers blood sugar level, increases blood sugar level
d.increases blood sugar level, lowers blood sugar level

increases blood sugar level, lowers blood sugar level

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Melanotropin releasing hormone, a hormone that stimulates the release of MSH, is released primarily in what nuclei of the hypothalamus?
a.Supraoptic nuclei
b.Paraventricular nuclei
c.Mamillary nuclei
d.Ventromedial nuclei

Paraventricular nuclei

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The mineralocorticoids influence the plasma concentrations of:
a.Calcium and phosphorus
b.Sodium and potassium
c.Calcium and sodium
d.Potassium and calcium

Sodium and potassium

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This type of membrane transport system uses the energy due to the chemical gradient of an ion diffusing down its gradient to transport another ion with it.
a.Diffusion
b.Osmosis
c.Primary active transport
d.Secondary active transport

Secondary active transport

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Which is the shortest in duration?
a.period of the placenta
b.period of the fetus
c.period of the embryo
d.period of the ovum

Period of the ovum

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The cells of the interstitium in between the seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone. These interstitial cells are also called:
a.myoid cells
b.BTB cells
c.Leydig cells
d.Sertoli cells

Leydig cells

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Which of the following does not contain a taste bud?
a.Circumvallate
b.Fungiform
c.Follate
d.Filiform

Filiform

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The amount of air exchange during normal respiration is:
a.Tidal volume
b.Residual volume
c.Dead space
d.Minimal volume

Tidal volume

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Females of which species are stimulated to begin estrous cyclicity in response to decreasing daylight ?
a.cattle
b.pig
c.sheep
d.horse

Sheep

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Duration of ejaculation of bulls:
a.10-15 sec
b.30-40 mins
c.Approx. 1 sec
d.10-20 mins

Approx. 1 sec

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Which of the following tissues contain GLUT-4? I. skeletal muscle tissues II. adipose tissues III. cardiac muscle IV. brain V. hepatic tissue a.I, II, III b.I, II c.I d.I, II, III, IV

I, II, III

Leptin receptors are located in what part of the brain? a.cerebellum b.pituitary gland c.pineal gland d.hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

During Nernst potential, what would be the net gain of the inside of the cell? a.1- b.0 c.+1 d.>1

PTH and calcitriol are hypercalcemic hormones because they raise blood Ca level. Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone because it lowers blood Ca level. a.Both statements are true. b.Both statements are false. c.Statement 1 true, statement 2 false. d.Statement 1 false, statement 2 true.

Both statements are true.

Angiotensin II directly stimulates the zona glomerulosa to convert cholesterol into pregnenolone and corticosterone to aldosterone. The other functions of angiotensin II are the following, except: a.feeds back to JG cells to inhibit secretion of renin b.acts on CNS to stimulate thirst center c.potentiates the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide d.stimulates release of vasopressin

Potentiates the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide

Which volume remains in the lungs after maximal expiration? a.Tidal volume b.Expiratory reserve volume c.Residual volume d.Inspiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Amino acids are absorbed in the gut via co-transport mechanism. Amino acid is co-transported with: a.Sodium ion b.Calcium ion c.Potassium ion d.Any of these

Sodium ion

Which of the following organs is particularly sensitive to acute hypoglycemia because its only energy substrate is glucose? a.Kidney b.Pancreas c.Brain d.Liver

Brain

What change/s occur when red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? a.Red blood cells gain water b.Red blood cells lose water and shrink c.Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water d.Concentration of sodium increases within the cells

Red blood cells lose water and shrink

The repolarization phase of the action potential occurs because: a.Voltage-gated Na+ ion channels open b.Voltage-gated K+ ion channels open c.Voltage-gated Ca+ ion channels open d.Voltage-gated Cl+ ion channels open

Voltage-gated K+ ion channels open

Substance coating the alveoli which lowers surface tension a.Mucopolyssacharide b.Mucus c.Pleural fluid d.Surfactant

Surfactant

Which of these locations has the ability to break down ATP, which releases energy? a.Globular actin molecule b.Head of myosin molecule c.Troponin molecule d.Tropomyosin molecule

Head of myosin molecule

Which of the following factors can best explain an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? a.Increased arterial plasma oncotic pressure b.Increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule c.Increased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure d.Decreased net filtration pressure

Increased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following is an effect of histamine? a.Decreased capillary filtration b.Vasodilation of the arterioles c.Vasodilation of the veins d.Interaction with the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels

Vasodilation of the arterioles

Myxedematous accumulations in the dermis of dogs is one of the signs of _________ in dogs. a.Hypoadrenocorticocism b.Hyperadrenocorticocism c.Hypothyroidism d.Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

The following hormones are essential in lactogenesis, except: a.cortisol b.insulin c.prolactin d.estrogen

Estrogen

Glucagon secretion is increased by the following, except: a.catecholamines b.sympathetic nervous system c.hyperglycemia d.epinephrine

Hyperglycemia

Pheochromocytomas are: a.red brown tumors arising from chromaffin cells b.red brown tumors originating from corticocytes c.benign tumors from the zona glomerulosa d.benign tumors from the zona fasciculata

Red brown tumors arising from chromaffin cells

What 2 ions are responsible for production of action potentials in the hair cells? a.Na and K b.K and Ca c.Na and Ca d.Ca and Cl

K and Ca

Which of the avian digestive tract structures secretes HCl and pepsinogen? a.Crop b.Proventriculus c.Gizzard d.Ceca

Proventriculus

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of norepinephrine on blood vessels? a.Causes vasodilation via the alpha-receptors b.Causes vasoconstriction via the alpha-receptors c.Causes vasodilation via the beta-receptors d.Causes vasoconstriction via the beta-receptors

Causes vasocontraction via the alpha-receptors

Which of the following is also called an exchange diffusion? a.Antiport b.Symport c.Co-transport d.Uniport

Antiport

The thirst center is located in which ventricle of the brain? a.1st b.2nd c.3rd d.4th

3rd

The hormone that indirectly influences water reabsorption by the kidney is: a.Oxytocin b.Aldosterone c.Vasopressin (ADH) d.Insulin

Vasopressin (ADH)

Which of the following is shared by simple diffusion of sodium and facilitated diffusion of glucose? a.Occurs down an electrochemical gradient b.Is saturable c.Requires metabolic energy d.Requires a Na+ gradient

Occurs down an electrochemical gradient

These hormones are galactopoietic except: a.growth hormone b.thyroid hormone c.progesterone d.glucocorticoids

Progesterone

Intertwining of the ovarian artery with the uterine vein serves to: a.Cool the ovary b.Suspend the ovary c.Transport PGF2 -alpha from the uterus to the ovary d.Transport spermatozoa from the uterus to the ovary.

Transport PGF2 -alpha from the uterus to the ovary

Atrial natriuretic peptide is synthesized and released by the: a.atrium of the heart b.ventricle of the heart c.brain d.hypothalamus

Atrium of the heart

The hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow is: a.ADH b.Erythropoietin c.Aldosterone d.Renerythrogenin

Erythropoietin

Gular fluttering is a thermoregulation process in: a.Reptiles b.Amphibians c.Birds d.Mammals

Birds

It is the post ovulatoy phase of estrus cycle, wherein the corpus luteum undergoes early development. a.anestrus b.metestrus c.proestrus d.diestrus

metestrus

Which of these units contains overlapping actin and myosin myofilaments? a.A band b.H zone c.M line d.I band

I band

Which of the following is an alpha-adrenergic response? a.Bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation b.Increased renin secretion c.Increased lipolysis d.Ejaculation

Ejaculation

The following cells do not require insulin to take up glucose, EXCEPT: a.erythrocytes b.hepatocytes c.neurons d.osteocytes

Osteocytes

A menace test is performed to test which cranial nerve? a.Optic b.Oculomotor c.Trochlear d.Abducens

Optic

Which item best describes the function of somatostatin? a.Inhibits the secretion of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic exocrine secretion, and gastric acid b.Moderates gut motility and glucose absorption c.Increases gluconeogenesis by activation of adenylcyclase in liver cells, which in turn stimulates phosphorylase resulting in glycogen breakdown d.Enhances glucose uptake by stimulating enzymes in the liver cells that assist in lipogenesis and the production of glycogen and by inhibiting enzymes that catalyze glycogenolysis

Inhibits the secretion of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic exocrine secretion, and gastric acid

How many bases are needed to create a single codon and anticodon? a.3 b.4 c.5 d.6

An ECG that reveals a prolonged PQ interval indicates a block of impulses coming from the a.SA node b.Bundle of His c.Purkinje fibers d.AV node

AV node

Implantation is achieved when the uterus is dominated by: a.relaxin b.estradiol c.progesterone d.prostaglandin

Progesterone

Which of the following actions best describes the omasum? a.Store b.Mix c.Absorb d.Pump

Pump

Exchange of gases in lungs and tissues is by: a.Diffusion b.Bulk flow c.Active transport d.None of the above

Diffusion

Which of the following is not an energy sources during aerobic metabolism? a.Glucose b.Fatty acids c.Amino acids d.Creatine phosphate

Creatine phosphate

What percentage of the circulating blood is normally in capillaries at any one time? a.5% b.15% c.25% d.50%

Excessive secretion of GCC can lead to: a.adrenal diabetes b.osteopenia c.muscle wasting d.all of the choices

All of the choices

Semen is a product of ejaculation. It has the following elements, except: a.secretions from testis b.secretions from epididymis c.secretions from male accessory glands d.none of the choices

None of the choices

The interval of the cardiac cycle that begins with the closure of the AV valves and ends with the opening of the AV valves corresponds to a period of: a.Atrial systole b.Ventricular systole c.Ventricular diastole d.Atrial diastole

Ventricular systole

The following animals have intra-abdominal location of testis except: a.dolphin b.sperm whale c.armadillo d.camel

Camel

The most potent secreatagogue for insulin is: a.Glucose b.Amino acids c.Fatty acids d.Ketone bodies

Glucose

The gastric phase of HCl secretion is initiated by: a.Chewing b.Stomach distension c.Hypoglycemia d.Conditioned reflexes

Stomach distension

This hormone is needed to maintain high quantities of testosterone, thus, helping in the maintenance of the reproductive tract and allowing a much higher level of fertility to male animals. a.Anti-Mullerian hormone b.androgen c.androgen binding protein d.inhibin

Androgen binding protein

The principal nitrogenous constituent of mammalian urine is: a.Amino acids b.Uric acid c.Urea d.Ammonia

Urea

The estrous cycle of cats lasts for: a.15-18 ds b.14-21 ds c.20-21 ds d.7 mos interval

15-18 ds

The color of the blood of an animal that has been poisoned with carbon monoxide is a.Bright red b.Purplish red c.Chocolate brown d.Bright cherry red

Bright cherry red

Which of the following BEST describes the pulmonary circuit? a.It serves only one organ b.It has higher volume and capacity c.It is a high pressure area d.It has a high vascular resistance

It serves only one organ

Which of the following birds has the longest egg incubation period? a.pheasant b.swan c.turkey d.budgerigars

Swan

Troponin is believed to play what role in the muscle contractile process? a.It provides elastic tension during muscle contraction b.It inactivates the binding site of actin during the resting state c.Combination with myosin excites the activity of the power stroke d.Combination with calcium is believed to trigger muscle contraction

Combination with calcium is believed to trigger muscle contraction

The liver appeared yellowish during inanition because of: a.Leakage of bile pigment that colored the liver yellow b.Extensive delivery of fatty acids in the liver for oxidation c.Continuous formation of glycogen due to saturated glucose demand d.Deamination of protein forming urea

Extensive delivery of fatty acids in the liver for oxidation

The hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release: a.estrogen and testosterone b.FSH and LH c.thyroid stimulating hormone and ACTH d.all of the choices

FSH and LH

Erection is controlled by the ________ division of the autonomic nervous system and ejaculation is controlled by the division of the autonomic nervous system ________. a.parasympathetic-sympathetic b.sympathetic-sympathetic c.sympathetic-parasympathetic d.parasympathetic-parasympathetic

parasympathetic-sympathetic

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased by an increase of the following, EXCEPT a.Carbon dioxide b.pH c.temperature d.2,3-DPG

Plasma calcium is decreased by: a.Calcitonin b.Parathyroid hormone c.1, 25 -dihydrocholecalciferol d.Cortisol

Calcitonin

Which of the following enzymes hydrolyzes neutral fat into fatty acids and monoglycerides? a.Pancreatic lipase b.Chymotrypsin c.Pancreatic amylase d.Proteolytic enzyme

Pancreatic lipase

Which of the following statements regarding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is true? a.Angiotensinogen is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney in response to decreased perfusion of blood b.Renin acts on circulating blood angiotensin I to form angiotensinogen c.Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion d.Angiotensinogen is converted by vascular endothelial enzyme (angiotensin -converting enzyme, ACE) to angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion

The release of digestive enzymes from cells of the pancreas, or secretion of the hormone insulin in response to rising blood glucose levels is an example of: a.Exocytosis b.Endocytosis c.Phagocytosis d.Pinocytosis

Exocytosis

Hyperinsulinism leads to _______ while diabetes mellitus leads to _______. a.hypocalcemia; hypercalcemia b.hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia c.hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia d.hypercalcemia; hypocalcemia

hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia

Which of the following hormones is released in response to cooling of the anterior hypothalamus? a.Antidiuretic hormone b.Insulin c.T4 and T3 d.Aldosterone

T4 and T3

During muscle contraction, muscles shorten __________, and lengthen ____________. a.Forcefully; passively b.Forcefully; forcefully c.Passively, forcefully d.Passively; passively

Forcefully; passively

The velocity of conduction of action potentials along a nerve will be increased by: a.Stimulating the Na+-K+ pump b.Inhibiting the Na+-K+ pump c.Decreasing the diameter of the nerve d.Myelinating the nerve

Myelinating the nerve

Propagation of an action potential through the heart is slowest in the: a.Atrial muscle b.AV node c.Bundle of His d.Purkinje fibers

AV node

Proestrus and estrus stage comprise the ______ of estrous cycle. a.follicular phase b.luteal phase c.quiescent phase d.none of the above

Follicular phase

What amino acid serves as precursor for thyroid hormones? a.Tryptophan b.Tyrosine c.Methionine d.Lysine

Tyrosine

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is primarily responsible for __________. a.conversion of cholesterol to b.pregnenolone testosterone production c.maintaining the corpus luteum d.spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Pain is detected by the: a.Free nerve endings b.Pacinian corpuscles c.Muscle spindle d.Merkel’s corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

The salt glands (nasal glands) of avian: a.Secrete only NaCl and serve an extrarenal osmoregulatory function b.Are active continuously c.Exact similar function to kidneys d.All of these

Secrete only NaCl and serve an extrarenal osmoregulatory function

GLUT1 carrier protein is an example of: a.Antiport b.Symport c.Co-transport d.Uniport

Uniport

The ion that generally establishes the resting membrane potential is? a.Sodium b.Potassium c.Calcium d.Chloride

Potassium

General, Systemic, Endoc, & Repro Flashcards

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