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Reviewer A - Veterinary Pathology > Systemic Pathology A > Flashcards

Systemic Pathology A Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following describes red blood cells in hypotonic solution?
a.Swollen RBCs
b.Normal RBCs
c.Shriveled RBCs
d.Fragmented RBCs

A

Swollen RBCs

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2
Q

Which of the following refers to an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape that makes up 10% or more of the total population?
a.erythrocytosis
b.anisocytosis
c.macrocytosis
d.poikilocytosis

A

Poikilocytosis

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3
Q

Which of the following refers to a group of hematopoietic neoplasms that arises from bone marrow producing abnormal WBCs in blood stream?
a.Hemangioma
b.Lymphoma
c.Leukemia
d.Myeloma

A

Leukemia

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4
Q

In regenerative anemia, the bone marrow responds appropriately to decreased number of RBCs by increasing production of new blood cells. Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to regenerative anemia?
a.CKD
b.Myelofibrosis
c.Immune mediated Hemolytic Anemia
e.Iron deficiency

A

Immune mediated Hemolytic Anemia

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5
Q

In cases of regenerative anemia, reticulocytosis cannot be used to identify as a regenerative response in which of the following domestic animals?
a.Cat
b.Horse
c.Cattle
d.Pig

A

Horse

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6
Q

In high altitude regions, Cattles will most likely develop which of the following conditions due to chronic hypoxia?
a.Relative erythrocytosis
b.Primary erythrocytosis
c.Secondary erythrocytosis
d.Polycythemia vera

A

Secondary erythrocytosis

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7
Q

What organ will most likely be displaced in an emergency case of a large deep-chested dog presented with enlargement of the stomach associated with rotation on the mesenteric axis?
a.Jejunum
b.Spleen
c.Liver
d.Gallbladder

A

Spleen

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8
Q

Strangles in horses is caused by streptococcus equi subsp. equi, which of the following lesions is commonly associated with this disease?
a.Acute suppurative lymphadenitis
b.Chronic suppurative lymphadenitis
c.Acute granulomatous lymphadenitis
d.Chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis

A

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

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9
Q

Which of the following abnormally shaped erythrocyte is nearly diagnostic for IMHA?
a.Dacryocyte
b.Codocyte
c.Acanthocyte
d.Spherocyte

A

Spherocyte

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10
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in horses significantly affects which part of circulatory system that leads to chronic abscesses in the pectoral region, ventral abdomen, and preputial or mammary regions?
a.Arteries
b.Veins
c.Lymphatic vessels
d.Capillaries

A

Lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Which of the following is described as an rbc that lacks central pallor, irregularly shaped and sometimes seen with ruffle borders?
a.Pyknocytes
b.Drepanocytes
c.Echinocytes
d.Codocytes

A

Pyknocytes

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12
Q

Siderofibrotic plaques are gray-white to yellowish, firm, dry encrustations on the splenic capsule that may represent sequelae to previous hemorrhages from trauma to the spleen and extremely common in aged dogs. It is also known as ________?
a.Lipofuscin
b.Gamna-gandy bodies
c.Mycotic lesions
d.Splenic fissure

A

Gamna-gandy bodies

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13
Q

Increase in cardiac muscle mass without increase in size of heart is called __________.
a.Eccentric hypertrophy
b.Hemopericardium
c.Concentric hypertrophy
d.Cardiomyopathy

A

Concentric hypertrophy

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14
Q

Right congestive heart failure alone is typically associated with all of the following clinical signs except:
a.Pulmonary edema
b.Splenomegaly
c.Congestive hepatopathy
d.Ascites

A

Pulmonary edema

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15
Q

What is the most common feline myocardial disease that is characterized by progressive thickening of left ventricular wall that may result to congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema and/or pleural effusion?
a.Dilated cardiomyopathy
b.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
c.Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d.Congestive cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

At necropsy, The surface of the heart displays multiple areas of hemorrhage. Areas of necrosis, looking like pale streaks on the heart can also be present. Which of the following will most likely lead to this myocardial lesions in pigs?
a.Salt toxicity
b.Vitamin E-selenium deficiency
c.Ionophore toxicity
d.FMD

A

Vitamin E-selenium deficiency

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17
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus is a bypass between the pulmonary artery and aorta of a developing fetus. This bypass normally closes at birth or shortly after birth and forms into which of the following structures?
a.Ascending aorta
b.Foramen ovale
c.Ligamentum arteriosum
d.Pulmonary artery

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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18
Q

In tetralogy of fallot, which of the following defects develop secondarily as a consequence of impaired blood flow inside the heart?
a.Overriding of aorta
b.Pulmonic stenosis
c.Ventricular septal defect
d.Right ventricular hypertrophy

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

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19
Q

In persistent right aortic arch, The right aortic arch fails to regress normally. What is the most common clinical sign present in puppies with PRAA?
a.Pale MM
b.Regurgitation
c.Syncope
d.Difficulty in breathing

A

Regurgitation

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20
Q

Aphthovirus often causes severe myocardial necrosis in neonatal and young pigs. This often leads to sudden deaths from myocardial failure. Which of the following heart lesions is most likely to be seen during necropsy?
a.Mottled myocardium
b.Shaggy heart
c.Myocardial hemorrhage
d.Fibrinous myocarditis

A

Mottled myocardium

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21
Q

In canine dirofilariasis, All of the following structures are commonly seen with adult heartworms except:
a.Right ventricle
b.Pulmonary artery
c.Left ventricle
d.Vena cavae

A

Left ventricle

22
Q

Swine erysipelas infection can be divided into acute and chronic forms, which of the following is most likely present in chronic cases of erysipelosis:
a.Diamond skin lesions
b.Arthritis and valvular endocarditis
c.Bacteremia
d.High fever

A

Arthritis and valvular endocarditis

23
Q

Strongylus vulgaris is often associated in damaging cranial mesenteric artery, All of the following lesions can be seen in cases of this infection except:
a.Arteritis
b.Colitis
c.Strangulating intestinal infarction
d.Thrombosis

A

Strangulating intestinal infarction

24
Q

In most cases, all of the following congenital anomalies of the heart leads to left to right blood shunts except:
a.Patent ductus arteriosus
b.Ventricular septal defect
c.Tetralogy of fallot
d.Atrial septal defect

A

Tetralogy of fallot

25
Q

Which of the following causes non progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine resulting to mild and transient infection?
a.Fusobacterium necrophorum
b.Pasteurella multocida
c.Bordetella bronchiseptica
d.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

26
Q

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs causes significant difficulty in breathing. Which of the following is not included as major clinical finding?
a.Stenotic nares
b.Hyperplastic trachea
c.Elongated soft palate
d.Everted laryngeal saccules

A

Hyperplastic trachea

27
Q

It is defined as incomplete distention of alveoli and is used to describe lungs that have failed to expand with air.
a.Bronchiectasis
b.Atelectasis
c.Emphysema
d.Bronchiolitis

A

Atelectasis

28
Q

It is defined as a local dilatation of the artery following weakening due to congenital, degenerative or inflammatory conditions involving the walls of blood vessels.
a.Arteriosclerosis
b.Atherosclerosis
c.Arteritis
d.Aneurysm

A

Aneurysm

29
Q

At necropsy, lung is diffusely pale and rubbery in texture. It also has prominent rib imprints and has a meaty appearance. this lung change in pigs is highly suggestive of a viral pneumonia. Which of the following types of pneumonia will most likely fit the description?
a.Bronchopneumonia
b.Granulomatous pneumonia
c.Interstitial pneumonia
d.Aspiration pneumonia

A

Interstitial pneumonia

30
Q

Which of the following types of pneumonia is characterized by cranioventral consolidation of the lungs?
a.Bronchopneumonia
b.Granulomatous pneumonia
c.Interstitial pneumonia
d.Embolic pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia

31
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia is characterized by the presence of caseous necrotic nodules in the lungs. Which of the following diseases will most likely result to this kind of lesion?
a.Enzootic pneumonia
b.PRRS
c.Tuberculosis
d.Influenza

A

Tuberculosis

32
Q

Hare lip in puppies has been attributed to genetic abnormalities, excessive intake of vitamin A and cortisone therapy during gestation. Which of the following involves failure of premaxilla fusion and harelip?
a.Palatoschisis
b.Primary cleft palate
c.Secondary cleft palate
d.Cheilitis

A

Primary cleft palate

33
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum infection (Calf diphtheria) in calves less than 3 months old will most likely demonstrate all of the following gross lesions except:
a.Glossitis
b.Laryngitis
c.Esophagitis
d.Stomatitis

A

Laryngitis

34
Q

At a physical examination of a horse, ulcers and erosions of the mouth linings, shedding of the surface of the tongue, and ulcers at the junctions of the lips were presented. Which of the following viruses will most likely result to this lesions?
a.Picornavirus
b.Rhabdovirus
c.Calicivirus
d.Enterovirus

A

Rhabdovirus

35
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by inadequate relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle/esophageal sphincter, which leads to a relative inability to swallow food or liquids?
a.Pharyngitis
b.Achalasia
c.Layngeal hemiplegia
d.Myasthenia gravis

A

Achalasia

36
Q

Bloat can be a major cause of sudden death in feedlot cattle. Bloat line is a characteristic lesion during necropsy of a deceased cattle affected by this condition. All of the following statements about ruminal typany is correct except:
a.Cervical esophagus is hemorrhagic and congested
b.Thoracic esophagus is pale and blanched
c.Primary ruminal tympany is caused by physical obstruction
d.Secondary ruminal tympany is also known as free-gas bloat

A

Primary ruminal tympany is caused by physical obstruction

37
Q

Which of the following is defined as twisting of an organ around longitudinal axis?
a.Torsion
b.Volvulus
c.Rotation
d.Inversion

A

Torsion

38
Q

Which of the following GI disorders will be seen in transverse ultrasound view as alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic concentric rings within the lumen of a distended loop of bowel, giving the typical “target” sign?
a.GDV
b.Intussusception
c.Intestinal torsion
d.Intestinal volvulus

A

Intussusception

39
Q

During necropsy of a broiler chicken, which of the following lesions will most likely be seen in a clostridium perfringens infection?
a.Necrotic enteritis
b.Hemorrhagic enteritis
c.Granulomatous enteritis
d.Proliferative enteritis

A

Necrotic enteritis

40
Q

Porcine proliferative enteropathy is a common diarrheal disease of swine. Which part of the intestines is most commonly affected by this disease and will often demonstrate obvious lesions?
a.Jejunum
b.Cecum
c.Ileum
d.Colon

A

Ileum

41
Q

Extra renal lesions of uremia include all of the following except:
a.Ulcerative gastritis
b.Ulcerative glossitis
c.Pulmonary edema
d.Ulcerative pericarditis

A

Ulcerative pericarditis

42
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii principally targets which of the following organ causing inflammation and swelling. It is frequently seen in cattle and occasionally in horses and small ruminants..
a.Gingiva
b.Tongue
c.Eyes
d.Muzzle

A

Tongue

43
Q

Multifocal, sharply demarcated erosions and ulcers in the tongue, gingiva, palate, esophagus, rumen, abomasum, and coronary bands of the hooves characterize all of the following cattle diseases except:
a.Peste des petit ruminant
b.Foot and mouth disease
c.Rinderpest
d.Cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea

A

Peste des petit ruminant

44
Q

Paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease, is a chronic, contagious bacterial disease typically characterized by all of the following lesions except:
a.Hepatic microgranuloma
b.Caseating granuloma in lungs
c.Thickening of ileum, cecum and colon
d.Aortic and endocardial mineralization

A

Caseating granuloma in lungs

45
Q

Glasser’s disease typically causes polyserositis in 4-8 weeks old pigs. Polyserositis includes all of the following except:
a.Pleuritis
b.Pericarditis
c.Pancreatitis
d.Peritonitis

A

Pancreatitis

46
Q

the anterior herniation of an intact Descemet’s membrane through an overlying stromal defect is called descemetocele. It is an abnormality of which of the following organs?
a.Brain
b.Eye
c.Gingiva
d.Tympanic membrane

A

Eye

47
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy is a metabolic neurologic disorder that develops secondary to liver disease. Which of the following is the most significant factor contributing to HE?
a.Anemia due to liver failure
b.Ammonia toxicosis
c.Abnormal clotting mechanism
d.Hypoglycemia causing neurologic signs

A

Ammonia toxicosis

48
Q

Inflammation of gallbladder is called ___________:
a.Cholangiohepatitis
b.Cholecystitis
c.Cholangitis
d.Cholelithiasis

A

Cholecystitis

49
Q

It is defined as narrowing of a blood vessels, tubular organ or structures such as canals and foramina
a.Atresia
b.Vasoconstriction
c.Stenosis
d.Arteriosclerosis

A

Stenosis

50
Q

Triaditis in cats is used to descibe two or three inflammatory diseases. All of the following organs is included in triaditis except:
a.Liver
b.Stomach
c.Pancreas
d.Small intestines

A

Stomach

Reviewer A - Veterinary Pathology (8 decks)

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