General, Systemic & Clinical Flashcards by Milagros Andrea Alemania Mateo

Which condition uses Creatinine Kinase as a diagnostic marker?
a.Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis in horses
b.Equine protozoal neuritis (Sarcocystis neurona)
c.Immune-mediated polymyositis
d.All of the choices

All of the above

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Which of the following is a condition that will likely exhibit a decreased MCV and MCHC?
a. Babesiosis
b. Iron deficiency.
c. Metarubricytosis.
d. In vitro hemolysis.

Iron deficiency

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Necropsy of an emaciated animal reveals clear, gelatinous tissue over the heart and around the kidneys where normally fat should be present. This change is called which of the following?
a.Fat necrosis
b.Edema
c.Brown fat
d.Serous atrophy of fat

Serous atrophy of fat

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The histiologic diagnosis when exudates are composed predominantly of neutrophils with seroproteinaceous edema fluid is:
a.Chronic inflammation
b. Pyogranulomatous inflammation
c.Eosinophilic inflammation
d.Purulent inflammation

Purulent inflammation

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Which of the following is characterized by pinpoint hemorrhage of 1-2 mm in size?
a.Petecchial
b.Ecchymotic
c.Paintbrush
d.Massive hemorrhage

Petecchial

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Which cell is not likely present in a blood smear from a psittacine?
a.Heterophils
b.Thrombocytes
c.Neutrophils
d.Eosinophils

Neutrophils

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Which of the following terms is defined as phagocytosis of dead and dying neurons, where gitter cells aggregate and become satellite cells of dead and dying neurons?
a.Neuronophagia
b.Perivascular cuffing
c.Glial shrubbery
d.Gliosis

Neuronophagia

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Reticulocytosis is the best indicator of enhanced erythropoiesis, except in:
a. Horses
b. Cattle
c. Dogs
d. Cats

Horses

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Mulberry heart disease is also known as:
a.Fibrinous pericarditis
b.Dietary microangiopathy
c.Porcine polyserositis
d.Cerebrospinal angiopathy

Dietary microangiopathy

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It is a rare condition in which the brain’s cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid?
a.Hydranencephaly
b.Porencephaly
c.Encephalocaele
d.Dysraphism

Hydranencephaly

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Tetralogy of Fallot is a condition that results to intermixing of blood. Which of the following component defect is only a secondary lesion?
a.Pulmonic Stenosis
b.Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
c.Overriding Aorta
d.Ventricular Septal Defect

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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This is a decrease in the amount of tissue after normal growth has been achieved.
a.Agenesis
b.Aplasia
c.Atresia
d.Atrophy

Atrophy

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A malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin is a:
a.Adenoma
b.Sarcoma
c.Carcinoma
d.Papilloma

Sarcoma

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This portion of the hepatic lobule receives the least oxygenated blood and is therefore susceptible to hypoxia.
a.Centrilobula
b.Midzonal
c.Periportal
d.Portal triad

Centrilobular

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Xanthomatosis which results from massive accumulation of lipids in macrophages is common in which species?
a.Avian
b.Mammalian
c.Reptilian
d.Amphibian

Avian

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Apoptosis is which of the following?
a.A synonym of phagocytosis
b.The process of apocrine gland secretion
c.Cellular aging
d.Programmed cell death

Programmed cell death

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At necropsy, lung is diffusely pale and rubbery in texture. It also has prominent rib imprints and has a meaty appearance. this lung change in pigs is highly suggestive of a viral pneumonia. Which of the following types of pneumonia will most likely fit the description?
a.Bronchopneumonia
b.Granulomatous pneumonia
c.Interstitial pneumonia
d.Aspiration pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

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This is also called ballooning degeneration.
a.Cloudy swelling
b.Hydropic degeneration
c.Fatty degeneration
d.Hyaline droplet degeneration

Hydropic degeneration

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Themajority(~95%)oftheCO2inthebloodis intheformof:
a. Bicarbonate ion.
b. Carbonic acid.
c. Hydrogen ion.
d. Water.

Bicarbonate ion

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Severe edema of the abomasal wall with severe petechial hemorrhages is particularly diagnostic in cattle affected with?
a.Ostertagia ostergii infection
b.Mycotic Abomasitis
c.Heartwater disease
d.Braxy

Heartwater disease

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Swine erysipelas infection can be divided into acute and chronic forms, which of the following is most likely present in chronic cases of erysipelosis:
a.Diamond skin lesions
b.Arthritis and valvular endocarditis
c.Bacteremia
d.High fever

Arthritis and valvular endocarditis

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Youareexaminingasamplefromachylouseffusion.Whichcellsdoyouexpecttoobserveinyourdiagnosticcytologypreparation?
a. Predominantly lymphocytes with very few neutrophils.
b. Predominantly neutrophils with very few lymphocytes.
c. Predominantly macrophages with very few neutrophils.
d. Predominantly mast cells with very few neutrophils.

Predominantly lymphocytes with very few neutrophils

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Which of the following is a feature of acute inflammation?
a.Granulation tissue formation
b.Healing
c.Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
d.Fibrosis

Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins

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A hit-by-car cat was brought to the clinic for immediate veterinary medication. The cat suffered from severe acute hemorrhage and was initially given fluid. What do you think is the morphological classification of anemia if you examine the cat’s blood on that day?
a. Macrocytic hypochromic.
b. Microcytic hypochromic.
c. Macrocytic normochromic.
d. Normocytic normochromic.

Normocytic normochromic

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Dystrophic calcification refers to which of the following? a.Mineralization of viable tissue or cells b.Mineralization due to hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia c.Mineralization of dead or damaged cells or tissues d.Mineralization due to hypercalcemia and normophosphatemia

Mineralization of dead or damaged cells or tissues

Anthracosis occurs as a result of inhalation of: a.Carbon compounds b.Silica particles c.Pollen grains d.Asbestos fibers

Carbon compounds

Right congestive heart failure alone is typically associated with all of the following clinical signs except: a.Pulmonary edema b.Splenomegaly c.Congestive hepatopathy d.Ascites

Pulmonary edema

A cell membrane-associated enzyme used to detect cholestatic hepatobiliary disease in small animals. a. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) b. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) c. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) d. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs causes significant difficulty in breathing. Which of the following is not included as major clinical finding? a.Stenotic nares b.Hyperplastic trachea c.Elongated soft palate d.Everted laryngeal saccules

Hyperplastic trachea

This test can differentiate conjugated bilirubin from unconjugated bilirubin in the serum. a.Osmotic fragility test b.Van den Bergh test c.Coombs test d.Schilling test

Van den Bergh test

This implies further development and means that some of the organ is present but markedly reduced in size from normal. a.Agenesis b.Aplasia c.Atresia d.Atrophy

Aplasia

In most cases, all of the following congenital anomalies of the heart leads to left to right blood shunts except: a.Patent ductus arteriosus b.Ventricular septal defect c.Tetralogy of fallot d.Atrial septal defect

Tetralogy of fallot

Which of the following could lead to prerenal azotemia? a.Renal amyloidosis b.Urolithiasis c.Glomerulonephritis d.Hypovolemia

Hypovolemia

This results from a failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes. a.Hare lip b.Cheiloschisis c.Cleft lip d.Cleft palate

Cleft palate

Trichoblastoma is categorized as a _____ tumor. a.Epithelial b.Mesenchymal c.Round cell d.Neuroendocrine

Epithelial

Acute multifocal necrotizing hepatitis is an example of a: a.Clinical diagnosis b.Definitive diagnosis c.Morphologic diagnosis d.Etiologic diagnosis

Morphologic diagnosis

An adenocarcinoma is of _______ origin. a.Epithelial b.Mesenchymal c.Hemopoietic d.Nervous

Epithelial

What is the Van den Bergh test result when there is haemolytic icterus?* a.Indirect b.Direct + c.Direct ++ d.Direct +++

Indirect

What is the Van den Bergh test result when there is haemolytic icterus?* a.Indirect b.Direct + c.Direct ++ d.Direct +++

Indirect

This is characterized by cranioventral consolidation of lungs. a.Suppurative bronchopneumonia b.Verminous pneumonia c.Interstitial pneumonia d.Granulomatous pneumonia

Suppurative bronchopneumonia

Nutmeg liver is an example of: a.hyperemia b.congestion c.infarction d.ischemia

End-stage liver is also known as: a.Ductular reaction bPiecemeal necrosis c.Cholangiohepatitis d.Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis

In persistent right aortic arch, The right aortic arch fails to regress normally. What is the most common clinical sign present in puppies with PRAA? a.Pale MM b.Regurgitation c.Syncope d.Difficulty in breathing

Regurgitation

Concerning suppurative inflammation, which of the following statements is least accurate? a.It is characterized by accumulation of macrophages b.It is synonymous with purulent inflammation c.It is signifying acute inflammation d.It produces pus

It is characterized by accumulation of macrophages

What do you conclude in an assay showing increased levels of C-reactive protein? a. There is an acute inflammation possibly due to bacterial infection. b. There is a chronic inflammation possibly due to bacterial infection. c. There is an immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. d. There is a lack of vitamin C in the body.

There is an acute inflammation possibly due to bacterial infection.

Heart failure after euthanasia results to: a.Active hyperemia b.Chronic passive congestion c.Acute passive congestion d.Ischemia

Ischemia

Strangles in horses is caused by streptococcus equi subsp. equi, which of the following lesions is commonly associated with this disease? a.Acute suppurative lymphadenitis b.Chronic suppulymphadenitis c.Acute granulomatous lymphadenitis d.Chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

Which of the following may have a mixed type tumor? a.Lymph vessel b.Lymphocyte c.Mammary gland d.Adrenal gland

Mammary gland

The "bread and butter" appearance of the heart is due to the accumulation of: a.serous exudate b.fibrinous exudate c.purulent exudate d.catarrhal exudate

fibrinous exudate

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is related with defects in cells such as? a.Neuron b.Neutrophils c.Erythrocytes d.Hepatocytes

Neutrophils

The following are biochemical tests use to effectively evaluate the urinary system of reptiles except? BUN Uric Acid Calcium Phosphorous

BUN

This is a hereditary disorder of bone growth that occur because of primary lesions in growth cartilage. a.Osteogenesis imperfecta b.Chondrodysplasia c.Osteochondrosis dissecans d.Epiphysiolysis

Chondrodysplasia

In acute inflammation, neutrophilic exudation is soon followed by ______ exudation. a.Monocyte b.Eosinophil c,Basophil d.Lymphocyte

Monocyte

How can chronic kidney disease be suspected before azotemia of CRF develops? a.Kidney size increases b.There is a loss of ability to maximally concentrate urine c.Urinary protein levels decrease (in the presence of a silent urinary sediment) d.Hyperalbuminemia is present

There is a loss of ability to maximally concentrate urine

At necropsy of an adult black-faced sheep, black discoloration is discovered in the meninges over the frontal lobes of the cerebrum. This finding represents which of the following? a.Melanoma b.Melanosis c.Infarction d.Hemosiderosis

Melanosis

Which of the following causes normocytic normochromic anemia? a. Babesiosis. b. Iron deficiency. c. Chronic renal disease. d. Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Chronic renal disease

Fusobacterium necrophorum infection (Calf diphtheria) in calves less than 3 months old will most likely demonstrate all of the following gross lesions except: a.Glossitis b.Laryngitis c.Esophagitis d.Stomatitis

Laryngitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in horses significantly affects which part of circulatory system that leads to chronic abscesses in the pectoral region, ventral abdomen, and preputial or mammary regions? a.Arteries b.Veins c.Lymphatic vessels d.Capillaries

Lymphatic vessels

At necropsy, The surface of the heart displays multiple areas of hemorrhage. Areas of necrosis, looking like pale streaks on the heart can also be present. Which of the following will most likely lead to this myocardial lesions in pigs? a.Salt toxicity b.Vitamin E-selenium deficiency c.Ionophore toxicity d.FMD

Vitamin E-selenium deficiency

The differential diagnosis of head pressing, dementia, changes in behavior, and ataxia in a 6-month-old puppy does not typically include which of the following? a.Trauma b.Hepatic encephalopathy c.Brain tumor d.Hydrocephalus

Brain tumor

Acute inflammation is characterized by all except which of the following? a.Hyperemia b.Pain c.Edema d.Fibrosis

Fibrosis

The accumulation of this pigment in the canine myocardium has a linear correlation with the age of the dog. a.Lipofuscin b.Hemoglobin c.Hemosiderin d.Melanin

Lipofuscin

Dogs infected with which of the following organisms can shed oocysts in feces that can then infect cattle, causing abortion? a.Neospora caninum b.Hepatozoon americanum c.Lesihmania infantum d.Toxoplasma gondii

Neospora caninum

Causes of tissue atrophy include all except which of the following? a.Decreased workload b.Loss of innervation c.Overuse d.Inadequate nutrition

Overuse

This is a type of necrosis that tends to develop at the distal aspect of extremities, such as the limbs, tail, or pinnae, or in dependent portions of organs, such as the mammary glands or lung lobes. a.Coagulative b.Caseous c.Gangrenous d.Liquefactive

Gangrenous

Granulomatous pneumonia is characterized by the presence of caseous necrotic nodules in the lungs. Which of the following diseases will most likely result to this kind of lesion? a.Enzootic pneumonia b.PRRS c.Tuberculosis d.Influenza

Tuberculosis

Which of the following is not a chemical mediator of acute inflammation? a.Bradykinin b.Interferon-γ c.Tumor necrosis factor d.Interleukin-1

Interferon-γ

On sections of this tumor, the malignant cells form isolated lakes of cells that most of the time form keratin, known as “keratin pearls” and is diagnostic to what type of tumor? a.Adenocarcinoma b.Hemangiosarcoma c.Squamous Cell Carcinoma d.Melanoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which if the following refers to a change from one mature cell type to another? a.Neoplasia b.Metaplasia c.Hypertrophy d.Hyperplasia

Metaplasia

In high altitude regions, Cattles will most likely develop which of the following conditions due to chronic hypoxia? a.Relative erythrocytosis b.Primary erythrocytosis c.Secondary erythrocytosis d.Polycythemia vera

Secondary erythrocytosis

Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to development of an anemic (white)infarct rather than a hemorrhagic (red) infarct? a.Arterial occlusion b.Venous occlusion c.Infarction of loose tissue d.Infarction of tissue with a dual blood supply

Arterial occlusion

This pigment accounts for the blackening of the migration tracts of juvenile liver flukes (Fascioloides magna) in ruminants. a.Hematin b.Bilirubin c.Melanin d.Hemosiderin

Hematin

You suspect that the animal has respiratory acidosis. What is likely the compensatory mechanism? a.No compensatory mechanism. b.Compensatory metabolic alkalosis due to renal excretion of H+. c.Compensatory metabolic alkalosis due to renal excretion of HCO3-. d.Compensatory respiratory alkalosis due to pulmonary excretion of H+.

Compensatory metabolic alkalosis due to renal excretion of H+

A prolonged Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time (BMBT) and moderately to severely low platelet count indicates: a.Thrombocytopenia. b.Intrinsic Pathway defect. c.Factor VII deficiency. d.Fulminant Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.

Thrombocytopenia

Which test is best used for screening Cushing’s disease in cats? a.CBC b.Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test c.High-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test d.ACTH Stimulation Test

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Type II hypersensitivity is: a.Immediate type hypersensitivity b.Cytotoxic hypersensitivity c.Immune complex hypersensitivity d.Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Which of the following is the most common valvular condition resulting in poor athletic performance by horses? a.Mitral regurgitation b.Aortic insufficiency c.Tricuspid regurgitation d.Atrial fibrillation

Mitral regurgitation

In which of the following types of necrosis does the gross and microscopic architecture of the tissue and some of the cells remain recognizable? Coagulation necrosis Caseous necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Malacia

Coagulation necrosis

Which of the following erythrocyte parasites that occur in cat can be found epicellular? a.Babesia felis b.Mycoplasma haemofelis c.Babesia cati d.Cytauxzoon feli

Mycoplasma haemofelis

Tuberculin reaction, a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis is a: a.Type I hypersensitivity b.Type II hypersensitivity c.Type III hypersensitivity d.Type IV hypersensitivity

Type IV hypersensitivity

Bloat can be a major cause of sudden death in feedlot cattle. Bloat line is a characteristic lesion during necropsy of a deceased cattle affected by this condition. All of the following statements about ruminal typany is correct except: Cervical esophagus is hemorrhagic and congested Thoracic esophagus is pale and blanched Primary ruminal tympany is caused by physical obstruction Secondary ruminal tympany is also known as free-gas bloat

Primary ruminal tympany is caused by physical obstruction

Which of the following cannot occur as a postmortem change? a.Rigor mortis b.Hemorrhage c.Livor mortis d.Discoloration

Hemorrhage

This shape of erythrocytes is associated with hemolytic anemia and in reaction to certain drugs such as phenothiazine and chloramphenicol? a.Echinocytes b.Drepanocyte c.Schizocyte d.Dacryocyte

Dacryocyte

This refers to the dilation of lymphatic vessels. a.Lymphangiectasia b.Hereditary lymphedema c.Lymphangioma d.Lymphangitis

Lymphangiectasia Hereditary

Necropsy of a debilitated bird reveals chalky, white streaks on the epicardium and within the kidney. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings? a.Necrosis b.Visceral gout c.Mineralization d.Purulent inflammation

Visceral gout

Herpesvirus, paramyxovirus, adenovirus, calicivirus, retrovirus and prions causes this type of pneumonia in their respective host: a.Bronchopneumonia b.Interstitial pneumonia c.Granulomatous pneumonia d.Fibrinous pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

In a Romanowsky-stained blood smear, which part of the cell will you check to differentiate neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils? a. The color of the nucleus. b. The segmentation of the nucleus. c. The color of granules in the cytoplasm. d. The segmentation of the cytoplasm.

The color of granules in the cytoplasm.

Weanling horses are most prone to which of the following disorders? a.Meconium impaction b.Strangulating lipoma c.Rectal prolapse d.Ascarid impaction

Ascarid impaction

Hare lip in puppies has been attributed to genetic abnormalities, excessive intake of vitamin A and cortisone therapy during gestation. Which of the following involves failure of premaxilla fusion and harelip? a.Palatoschisis b.Primary cleft palate c.Secondary cleft palate d.Cheilitis

Primary cleft palate

Neoplastic cell populations of uncertain origin are called: a.Anaplastic neoplasms b.Mixed tumors c.Benign tumors d.Malignant tumors

Anaplastic neoplasms

An infarct is which of the following? a.An area of caseous necro sis b.An embolus c.An area of ischemic necrosis d.Thrombosis

An area of ischemic necrosis

Pandy test is a procedure to determine the presence of immunoglobulins in? a.CSF b.Milk c.Peritoneal Fluid d.Aqueous Humor

CSF

Which of the following is the most reliable feature in differentiating between malignant and benign neoplasm? a.Mitotic rate b.Development of metastasis c.Local invasiveness d.Degree of differentiation

Development of metastasis

Use of improperly buffered formalin may lead to formation of which of the following pigmented artifacts on histologic examination? a.hemosiderin b.iron c.melanin d.acid hematin

acid hematin

Patent ductus arteriosus is a bypass between the pulmonary artery and aorta of a developing fetus. This bypass normally closes at birth or shortly after birth and forms into which of the following structures? a.Ascending aorta b.Foramen ovale c.Ligamentum arteriosum d.Pulmonary artery

Ligamentum arteriosum

Chronic inflammation will result to which of the following exudates? a.Purulent exudates b.Granulomatous exudates c.Hemorrhagic exudates d.Catarrhal exudates

Granulomatous exudates

A bruise is a result of ____: a.hemorrhage b.hematoma c.ischemia d.hyperemia

hemorrhage

Which of the following testicular tumors causes feminization, alopecia, and squamous metaplasia of the prostate? a.Interstitial cell tumor b.Seminoma c.Transitional cell carcinoma d.Sertoli cell tumor

Sertoli cell tumor

In epithelial cells, the transition from normal columnar epithelial lining to squamous epithelial lining is a form of: a.aplasia b.dysplasia c.hyperplasia d.metaplasia

metaplasia