General Pathology A Flashcards
The study of diseases of animals
Veterinary pathology
The culmination of various defects, deficiencies or excesses at the cell or tissue level which may ultimately express in a clinically apparent dysfunction
Diseases
Refers to abnormal microscopic and gross change in a cell, tissue or organ and system as a result of a disease. It also involves biochemical alterations
Lesion
Any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell
Injury
Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism
Stress
The sequential development of disease
Pathogenesis
Maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms
Homeostasis
Refers to the capacity to produce a disease
Pathogenicity
Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism
Virulence
Set of lesions that would highly indicate the disease
Pathognomonic
Expected outcome of a disease
Prognosis
The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease
Diagnosis
What are the 4 types of diagnoses?
Clinical
Morphological
Etiological
Definitive
The type of diagnosis that is based on laboratory identification/isolation
Etiological diagnosis
Type of diagnosis that is based on signs and symptoms
Clinical diagnosis
Type of diagnosis that is based on gross and microscopic lesion
Morphological diagnosis
Type of diagnosis that is based on confirmatory evidence which results to naming the disease
Definitive diagnosis
Term for man-made or artifiacally-induced disease
Iatrogenic disease
Term for a disease where the injurious agent or etiology is unknown
Idiopathic disease
Term for a disease where the disease is caused by the individual’s peculiarity
Idiosyncrasy
Post-mortem examination if animals
Necropsy
The removal of/and examination of tissue from a live individual or animal
Biopsy
The microscopic study of lesions in a tissue section
Histopathology
The father of modern pathology
Rudolf Virchow
The father of veterinary medicine
Aristotle
The father of medicine
Hippocrates
The most commonly used stain for histopathological examination
Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E)
The medical symbol in veterinary medicine
Caduceus with the V superimposed
Mechanisms and causes of cell injury (7)
Hypoxia
Physical agents
Chemical agent
Infectious agents
Immunological reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutritional imbalances
In the presence of injury, the fate of the cell may only end up to one of 3 ways. What are these?
Fight it off
Adaptation
Cell death
Term for a form of reversible cell injury. It is an adaptive change that may progress to cell death
Degeneration
The term for accumulation of substances in abnormal quantities
Infiltration
What are the types of intracellular infiltrations? (4)
Water vacuoles
Fat vacuoles
Glycogen vacuoles
Intracellular inclusions
What are the diseases of the body regarding amount of cortisol? (2)
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
This disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands are underactive and do not produce enough cortisol and, in some cases, not enough aldosterone.
Addison’s disease or hypothyroidism
This disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands are overactive. This occurs due to a benign pituitary tumor, which causes excessive cortisol production
Cushing’s syndrome or hyperthyroidism
