General Pathology C Flashcards by Milagros Andrea Alemania Mateo

Lysosomes may become quite prominent for a number of reasons. One is the need for removal of particles brought into the cell by the process called:
a.Autophagy
b.Heterophagy
c.Pinocytosis
d.Exocytosis

Heterophagy

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Which of the following is a degenerative lesion?
a.Lipoma
b.Pneumonia
c.Nephrosis
d.Mastitis

Nephrosis

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This is the most common and most important response to cellular injuries of all types including mechanical, anoxic, toxic, lipid peroxidation, viral, bacterial, and immune mechanisms.
a.Swelling
b.Inclusion bodies
c.Hyalinization
d.Calcification

Swelling

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This is also called ballooning degeneration.
a.Cloudy swelling
b.Hydropic degeneration
c.Fatty degeneration
d.Hyaline droplet degeneration

Hydropic degeneration

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The best-known location of fatty degeneration is the:
a.Heart
b.Brain
c.Liver
d.Kidneys

Liver

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This is a term used to describe the change from normal to variable degrees of smooth eosinophilic appearance in the microscopic examination of tissue.
a.Hyalinized
b.Fibrinoid
c.Amyloid
d.Granulomatous

Hyalinized

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Xanthomatosis which results from massive accumulation of lipids in macrophages is common in which species?
a.Avian
b.Mammalian
c.Reptilian
d.Amphibian

Avian

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Calcium in tissues stains _____ with hemotoxylin- eosin.
a.blue
b.black
c.pink
d.green

Blue

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The term calcinosis is used to describe extensive _____ calcification.
a.Dystrophic
b.Metastatic
c.Idiopathic
d.Pathologic

Metastatic

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This refers to the condensation of the nuclear chromatin into a dark, round, homogenous mass smaller than a normal nucleus.
a.Karyolysis
b.Karyorrhexis
c.Pyknosis
d.Apoptosis

Pyknosis

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The following are gross indications of necrosis except:
a.Softening of tissues
b.Definite demarcation between necrotic and viable tissue
c.Dark-colored tissues
d.Presence of a pattern of the lesion

Dark-colored tissues

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This type of necrosis is manifested by loss of recognizable architecture.
a.Caseation
b.Coagulation
c.Liquefactive necrosis
d.Fat necrosis

Caseation

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On a cut surface, there are hard white gritty lumps.
a.Fat necrosis
b.Liquefactive necrosis
c.Coagulation
d.Caseation

Fat necrosis

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The types of gangrene are based on:
a.Color
b.Availability of fluid
c.Severity
d.Pattern

Availability of fluid

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This refers to the gradual cooling of the body after death.
a.Rigor mortis
b.Algor mortis
c.Imbibation
d.Livor mortis

Algor mortis

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Anthracosis occurs as a result of inhalation of:
a.Carbon compounds
b.Silica particles
c.Pollen grains
d.Asbestos fibers

Carbon compounds

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This pigment is found as yellowish-brown granules in the cytoplasm of affected parenchymal cells.
a.Ceroid
b.Lipofuscin
c.Melanin
d.Hemosiderin

Lipofuscin

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Iron stains ____ in Prussian blue stain.
a.red
b.brown
c.black
d.blue

Blue

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Heart failure cells are actually:
a.Cardiomyocytes
b.Fibroblasts
c.Alveolar macrophages
d.Endothelial cells

Alveolar macrophages

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This pigment is very common as ‘formalin pigment’ when unbuffered formalin is used for fixation.
a.Hematin
b.Hemosiderin
c.Bilirubin
d.Hemoglobin

Hematin

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This test can differentiate conjugated bilirubin from unconjugated bilirubin in the serum.
a.Osmotic fragility test
b.Van den Bergh test
c.Coombs test
d.Schilling test

Van den Bergh test

The process in which excess blood may be drawn into an area is:
a.hemorrhage
b.hyperemia
c.congestion
d.ischemia

Hyperemia

This organ is the only source of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and albumin.
a.bone marrow
b.kidneys
c.liver
d.lungs

Liver

Left-sided heart failure is an example of:
a.Hyperemia
b.Localized congestion
c.Generalized congestion
d.Hypoxia

Localized congestion

Nutmeg liver is an example of: a.hyperemia b.congestion c.infarction d.ischemia

Congestion

A bruise is a result of: a.hemorrhage b.hematoma c.ischemia d.hyperemia

hemorrhage

A yellowish tinge in edema fluid indicates: a.Escape of plasma proteins b.Presence of bilirubin c.Infection with bacteria d.Presence of red blood cells

Escape of plasma proteins (edema)

Strictly speaking, this refers only to the formation of fibrin: a.hemostasis b.coagulation c.thrombosis d.fibrinolysis

coagulation

Which of the following is not a general characteristic of infarcts? a.Acute b.Pale colored c.Ischemic d.Coagulation necrosis

Pale colored

This type of shock is usually associated with trauma and loss of fluid in burns. a.cardiogenic b.hypovolemic c.septic d.neurogenic

Hypovolemic

This refers to the slowing down of the circulation, settling out of red cells from plasma and increased stickiness of blood. a.Sludging b.Disseminated intravascular coagulation c.Visceral pooling d.Hypercoagulability

Sludging

In acute inflammation, neutrophilic exudation is soon followed by ______ exudation. a.Monocyte b.Eosinophil c.Basophil d.Lymphocyte

Monocyte

This implies that the bone marrow is not producing cells quickly enough. a.regenerative shift b.degenerative shift c.normoblastic shift d.hyperplastic shift

Degenerative shift

Lymphocytes are made in the following except: a.Tonsils b.Peyer's patches c.Thyroid d.Liver

Thyroid

The "bread and butter" appearance of the heart is due to the accumulation of: a.serous exudate b.fibrinous exudate c.purulent exudate d.catarrhal exudate

Fibrinous exudate

This is a bodily injury caused by physical means with disruption of normal continuity of structures. a.trauma b.contusion c.blast d.wound

wound

In contrast to humoral responses, this reaction contain predominantly mononuclear cells. a.Type I hypersensitivity b.Type II hypersensitivity c.Type III hypersensitivity d.Type IV hypersensitivity

Type IV hypersensitivity

This implies further development and means that some of the organ is present but markedly reduced in size from normal. a.Agenesis b.Aplasia c.Atresia d.Atrophy

Aplasia

This is a decrease in the amount of tissue after normal growth has been achieved. a.Agenesis b.Aplasia c.Atresia d.Atrophy

Atrophy

This lesion is an indication of emaciation of the animal. a.compensatory hypertrophy b.serous atrophy of fat c.disuse atrophy d.denervation atrophy

Serous atrophy of fat

In epithelial cells, the transition from normal columnar epithelial lining to squamous epithelial lining is a form of: a.aplasia b.dysplasia c.hyperplasia d.metaplasia

metaplasia

If two genotypes are present in one individual, one of which came from a twin via the placenta, the condition is called: a.Chimerism b.Mosaicism c.Heteroploidy d.Euploidy

Chimerism

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a benign tumor? a.Structure is typical of the tissue of origin b.Growth is purely expansive c.Usually with scanty mitotic figures d.It is not a dangerous form

It is not a dangerous form

A mast cell sarcoma is of _______ origin. a.Epithelial b.Mesenchymal c.Hemopoietic d.Nervous

Mesenchymal

An adenocarcinoma is of _______ origin. a.Epithelial b.Mesenchymal c.Hemopoietic d.Nervous

Epithelial

The proper term for tumors of lymphocytes is _______. a.Leukosis b.Leukemia c.Lymphosarcoma d.Lymphomatosis

Lymphosarcoma

All of the following are active products of mast cell sarcomas except: a.Heparin b.Histamine c.Protease d.Adrenaline

Adrenaline

Which of the following is not considered a neoplasm? a.Teratoma b.Myxoma c.Hamartoma d.Chondroma

Hamartoma

Acute multifocal necrotizing hepatitis is an example of a: a.Clinical diagnosis b.Definitive diagnosis c.Morphologic diagnosis d.Etiologic diagnosis

Morphologic diagnosis

This is a type of necrosis that tends to develop at the distal aspect of extremities, such as the limbs, tail, or pinnae, or in dependent portions of organs, such as the mammary glands or lung lobes. a.Coagulative b.Caseous c.Gangrenous d.Liquefactive

Gangrenous