General Pathology C Flashcards
Lysosomes may become quite prominent for a number of reasons. One is the need for removal of particles brought into the cell by the process called:
a.Autophagy
b.Heterophagy
c.Pinocytosis
d.Exocytosis
Heterophagy
Which of the following is a degenerative lesion?
a.Lipoma
b.Pneumonia
c.Nephrosis
d.Mastitis
Nephrosis
This is the most common and most important response to cellular injuries of all types including mechanical, anoxic, toxic, lipid peroxidation, viral, bacterial, and immune mechanisms.
a.Swelling
b.Inclusion bodies
c.Hyalinization
d.Calcification
Swelling
This is also called ballooning degeneration.
a.Cloudy swelling
b.Hydropic degeneration
c.Fatty degeneration
d.Hyaline droplet degeneration
Hydropic degeneration
The best-known location of fatty degeneration is the:
a.Heart
b.Brain
c.Liver
d.Kidneys
Liver
This is a term used to describe the change from normal to variable degrees of smooth eosinophilic appearance in the microscopic examination of tissue.
a.Hyalinized
b.Fibrinoid
c.Amyloid
d.Granulomatous
Hyalinized
Xanthomatosis which results from massive accumulation of lipids in macrophages is common in which species?
a.Avian
b.Mammalian
c.Reptilian
d.Amphibian
Avian
Calcium in tissues stains _____ with hemotoxylin- eosin.
a.blue
b.black
c.pink
d.green
Blue
The term calcinosis is used to describe extensive _____ calcification.
a.Dystrophic
b.Metastatic
c.Idiopathic
d.Pathologic
Metastatic
This refers to the condensation of the nuclear chromatin into a dark, round, homogenous mass smaller than a normal nucleus.
a.Karyolysis
b.Karyorrhexis
c.Pyknosis
d.Apoptosis
Pyknosis
The following are gross indications of necrosis except:
a.Softening of tissues
b.Definite demarcation between necrotic and viable tissue
c.Dark-colored tissues
d.Presence of a pattern of the lesion
Dark-colored tissues
This type of necrosis is manifested by loss of recognizable architecture.
a.Caseation
b.Coagulation
c.Liquefactive necrosis
d.Fat necrosis
Caseation
On a cut surface, there are hard white gritty lumps.
a.Fat necrosis
b.Liquefactive necrosis
c.Coagulation
d.Caseation
Fat necrosis
The types of gangrene are based on:
a.Color
b.Availability of fluid
c.Severity
d.Pattern
Availability of fluid
This refers to the gradual cooling of the body after death.
a.Rigor mortis
b.Algor mortis
c.Imbibation
d.Livor mortis
Algor mortis
Anthracosis occurs as a result of inhalation of:
a.Carbon compounds
b.Silica particles
c.Pollen grains
d.Asbestos fibers
Carbon compounds
This pigment is found as yellowish-brown granules in the cytoplasm of affected parenchymal cells.
a.Ceroid
b.Lipofuscin
c.Melanin
d.Hemosiderin
Lipofuscin
Iron stains ____ in Prussian blue stain.
a.red
b.brown
c.black
d.blue
Blue
Heart failure cells are actually:
a.Cardiomyocytes
b.Fibroblasts
c.Alveolar macrophages
d.Endothelial cells
Alveolar macrophages
This pigment is very common as ‘formalin pigment’ when unbuffered formalin is used for fixation.
a.Hematin
b.Hemosiderin
c.Bilirubin
d.Hemoglobin
Hematin
This test can differentiate conjugated bilirubin from unconjugated bilirubin in the serum.
a.Osmotic fragility test
b.Van den Bergh test
c.Coombs test
d.Schilling test
Van den Bergh test
The process in which excess blood may be drawn into an area is:
a.hemorrhage
b.hyperemia
c.congestion
d.ischemia
Hyperemia
This organ is the only source of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and albumin.
a.bone marrow
b.kidneys
c.liver
d.lungs
Liver
Left-sided heart failure is an example of:
a.Hyperemia
b.Localized congestion
c.Generalized congestion
d.Hypoxia
Localized congestion
Nutmeg liver is an example of:
a.hyperemia
b.congestion
c.infarction
d.ischemia
Congestion
A bruise is a result of:
a.hemorrhage
b.hematoma
c.ischemia
d.hyperemia
hemorrhage
A yellowish tinge in edema fluid indicates:
a.Escape of plasma proteins
b.Presence of bilirubin
c.Infection with bacteria
d.Presence of red blood cells
Escape of plasma proteins (edema)
Strictly speaking, this refers only to the formation of fibrin:
a.hemostasis
b.coagulation
c.thrombosis
d.fibrinolysis
coagulation
Which of the following is not a general characteristic of infarcts?
a.Acute
b.Pale colored
c.Ischemic
d.Coagulation necrosis
Pale colored
This type of shock is usually associated with trauma and loss of fluid in burns.
a.cardiogenic
b.hypovolemic
c.septic
d.neurogenic
Hypovolemic
This refers to the slowing down of the circulation, settling out of red cells from plasma and increased stickiness of blood.
a.Sludging
b.Disseminated intravascular coagulation
c.Visceral pooling
d.Hypercoagulability
Sludging
In acute inflammation, neutrophilic exudation is soon followed by ______ exudation.
a.Monocyte
b.Eosinophil
c.Basophil
d.Lymphocyte
Monocyte
This implies that the bone marrow is not producing cells quickly enough.
a.regenerative shift
b.degenerative shift
c.normoblastic shift
d.hyperplastic shift
Degenerative shift
Lymphocytes are made in the following except:
a.Tonsils
b.Peyer’s patches
c.Thyroid
d.Liver
Thyroid
The “bread and butter” appearance of the heart is due to the accumulation of:
a.serous exudate
b.fibrinous exudate
c.purulent exudate
d.catarrhal exudate
Fibrinous exudate
This is a bodily injury caused by physical means with disruption of normal continuity of structures.
a.trauma
b.contusion
c.blast
d.wound
wound
In contrast to humoral responses, this reaction contain predominantly mononuclear cells.
a.Type I hypersensitivity
b.Type II hypersensitivity
c.Type III hypersensitivity
d.Type IV hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
This implies further development and means that some of the organ is present but markedly reduced in size from normal.
a.Agenesis
b.Aplasia
c.Atresia
d.Atrophy
Aplasia
This is a decrease in the amount of tissue after normal growth has been achieved.
a.Agenesis
b.Aplasia
c.Atresia
d.Atrophy
Atrophy
This lesion is an indication of emaciation of the animal.
a.compensatory hypertrophy
b.serous atrophy of fat
c.disuse atrophy
d.denervation atrophy
Serous atrophy of fat
In epithelial cells, the transition from normal columnar epithelial lining to squamous epithelial lining is a form of:
a.aplasia
b.dysplasia
c.hyperplasia
d.metaplasia
metaplasia
If two genotypes are present in one individual, one of which came from a twin via the placenta, the condition is called:
a.Chimerism
b.Mosaicism
c.Heteroploidy
d.Euploidy
Chimerism
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a benign tumor?
a.Structure is typical of the tissue of origin
b.Growth is purely expansive
c.Usually with scanty mitotic figures
d.It is not a dangerous form
It is not a dangerous form
A mast cell sarcoma is of _______ origin.
a.Epithelial
b.Mesenchymal
c.Hemopoietic
d.Nervous
Mesenchymal
An adenocarcinoma is of _______ origin.
a.Epithelial
b.Mesenchymal
c.Hemopoietic
d.Nervous
Epithelial
The proper term for tumors of lymphocytes is _______.
a.Leukosis
b.Leukemia
c.Lymphosarcoma
d.Lymphomatosis
Lymphosarcoma
All of the following are active products of mast cell sarcomas except:
a.Heparin
b.Histamine
c.Protease
d.Adrenaline
Adrenaline
Which of the following is not considered a neoplasm?
a.Teratoma
b.Myxoma
c.Hamartoma
d.Chondroma
Hamartoma
Acute multifocal necrotizing hepatitis is an example of a:
a.Clinical diagnosis
b.Definitive diagnosis
c.Morphologic diagnosis
d.Etiologic diagnosis
Morphologic diagnosis
This is a type of necrosis that tends to develop at the distal aspect of extremities, such as the limbs, tail, or pinnae, or in dependent portions of organs, such as the mammary glands or lung lobes.
a.Coagulative
b.Caseous
c.Gangrenous
d.Liquefactive
Gangrenous
