systemic & metabolic disorders

Question 1

which vitamin deficiency: cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, wernicke korsakoff, common in alcoholics

Answer 1

B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Question 2

which vitamin deficiency: distal symmetric sensory loss, weakness, UMN, mental status alteration, pernicious anemia

Answer 2

B12 (cyanocobalamine) deficiency

Question 3

triad of wernicke korsakoff

Answer 3

mental status change, ataxia, opthalmoplegias

Question 4

which vitamin deficiency: sensory ataxia, often a complication of INH

Answer 4

B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

Question 5

which vitamin deficiency: neuropathy, dementia

Answer 5

niacin defiency

Question 6

which vitamin deficiency: night blindness

Answer 6

vitamin A deficiency

Question 7

which vitamin deficiency: weakness

Answer 7

vitamin D deficiency

Question 8

which vitamin deficiency: neuropathy, ataxia

Answer 8

vitamin E deficiency

Question 9

both niacin and vitamin E deficiencies result in neuropathy, but ____also presents with dementia VS. ____presents with ataxia

Answer 9

niacin; vitamin E

Question 10

rapid correction of_____may result in osmotic demyelination

Answer 10

hyponatremia

Question 11

carpopedal, opisthotonus, stridor

Answer 11

hypocalcemia

Question 12

signs of hypermagnesium

Answer 12

reduced reflexes, lethargy

Question 13

signs of hypomagnesium

Answer 13

similar to hypocalcemia

Question 14

glu levels of 30-40 can result in what?

Answer 14

focal cerebral dysfxn

Question 15

result of hyperglycemia often found with DKA

Answer 15

mental status changes

Question 16

what is hypertensive encephalopathy AKA

Answer 16

PRES (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome)

Question 17

accelerated HTN, HA, seizure, mental status changes, papilledema, parieto-occipital white matter changes

Answer 17

PRES

Question 18

asterixis associated with disease of what organ?

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

triphasic waves on EEG can be a sign of

Answer 19

liver disease

Question 20

patient with CNS infxn with renal disease - what pathogen?

Answer 20

listeria monocytogenes

Question 21

risks assc’d with dialysis

Answer 21

1. subdural hematoma

2. dementia

Question 22

what thyroid related disorder can present with relapsing progressive mental status change?

Answer 22

hashimoto encephalopathy

Question 23

tx of hashimoto encephalopathy

Answer 23

steroids

Question 24

adrenal disease can present with?

Answer 24

myopathy, radiculopathy

Question 25

sickle cell disease can present with wat neuro sx

Answer 25

stroke, seizure, CNS infxn

Question 26

fever, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, HA, mental status changes, seizure, focal neuro sx

Answer 26

TTP

Question 27

ppl with neurosarcoidosis can present with_____

Answer 27

cranial neuropathies

Question 28

name that vasculitis: young adults, women, asian, kids, focal cerebral ischemic or subclavian steal

Answer 28

takayasi arteritis

Question 29

name that vasculitis: age >50, HA, visual loss, elevated ESR, jaw claudication

Answer 29

temporal arteritis

Question 30

name that vasculitis: infants and children affected, present with facial weakness, seizures, stroke

Answer 30

kawasaki disease

Question 31

name that vasculitis: mononeuropathy multiplex, radiculopathy, plexopathy, sensory motor polyneuropathy, stroke, seizure

Answer 31

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 32

name that vasculitis: respiratory tract involvement, glomerulonephritis, mononeuritis multiplex

Answer 32

wegener granulomatosis

Question 33

HA, seizure, mental status change - suspect what vasculitis?

Answer 33

primary CNS angiitis

Question 34

person stopping meds for PD presents with fever, autonomic instability, mental status change, rigidity

Answer 34

neuroleptic malignant syndrome